{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950170869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","title":"Confidence Estimation and Deletion Prediction Using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Confidence Estimation and Deletion Prediction Using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950170869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","mag":"2950170869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024283093","display_name":"Anton Ragni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Ragni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748959","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-940X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050766679","display_name":"Mark Gales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. F. Gales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050552702","display_name":"Yizhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-383X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024283093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89023266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"204","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8020772933959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upstream","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","score":0.5682833790779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4985175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.48746252059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downstream","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","score":0.4804398715496063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.46856075525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.457236111164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4541080594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4249570071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4221602976322174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4115189015865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3612672686576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25802862644195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10004979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09500998258590698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8020772933959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5682833790779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4985175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.48746252059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.4804398715496063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.46856075525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.457236111164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4541080594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4249570071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4221602976322174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4115189015865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3612672686576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25802862644195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10004979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09500998258590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34303869","https://openalex.org/W55333121","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1577202350","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1795658042","https://openalex.org/W1872348600","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2034537249","https://openalex.org/W2046566693","https://openalex.org/W2085628288","https://openalex.org/W2090755665","https://openalex.org/W2110073835","https://openalex.org/W2128135494","https://openalex.org/W2129334286","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2132030416","https://openalex.org/W2143577772","https://openalex.org/W2144920829","https://openalex.org/W2166810516","https://openalex.org/W2169806449","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2280141299","https://openalex.org/W2406451296","https://openalex.org/W2407420912","https://openalex.org/W2407922671","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2519224033","https://openalex.org/W2622203030","https://openalex.org/W2671812860","https://openalex.org/W2729190387","https://openalex.org/W2783549597","https://openalex.org/W2791556425","https://openalex.org/W2889080286","https://openalex.org/W2889162046","https://openalex.org/W2952566282","https://openalex.org/W2963217176","https://openalex.org/W4206192903","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6639288305","https://openalex.org/W6679257740","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6713813099","https://openalex.org/W6714027799","https://openalex.org/W6723250868","https://openalex.org/W6738686518","https://openalex.org/W6740627434","https://openalex.org/W6747724447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113528484","https://openalex.org/W2241146542","https://openalex.org/W3124058258","https://openalex.org/W2209220924","https://openalex.org/W4214653257","https://openalex.org/W1499733765","https://openalex.org/W3125376000","https://openalex.org/W2031986320","https://openalex.org/W4362671650","https://openalex.org/W2117453324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"standard":[1,52],"approach":[2],"to":[3,25,59,98],"assess":[4,117],"reliability":[5],"of":[6,14,37,93,119],"automatic":[7],"speech":[8],"transcriptions":[9,134],"is":[10,126],"through":[11],"the":[12,51,62,91,122],"use":[13,92],"confidence":[15,53,100,124],"scores.":[16],"If":[17],"accurate,":[18],"these":[19],"scores":[20],"provide":[21],"a":[22],"flexible":[23],"mechanism":[24],"flag":[26],"transcription":[27],"errors":[28,38,45],"for":[29,49,114,128],"upstream":[30,63],"and":[31,56,64,75,84],"downstream":[32,65],"applications.":[33],"One":[34],"challenging":[35],"type":[36],"that":[39,132],"recognisers":[40],"make":[41],"are":[42,46,57,70,112,140],"deletions.":[43],"These":[44],"not":[47],"accounted":[48],"by":[50],"estimation":[54],"schemes":[55,111],"hard":[58],"rectify":[60],"in":[61,72,102],"processing.":[66],"High":[67],"deletion":[68,137],"rates":[69],"prominent":[71],"limited":[73],"resource":[74],"highly":[76],"mismatched":[77],"training/testing":[78],"conditions":[79],"studied":[80],"under":[81],"IARPA":[82,143],"Babel":[83],"Material":[85],"programs.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"looks":[89],"at":[90],"bidirectional":[94],"recurrent":[95],"neural":[96],"networks":[97],"yield":[99],"estimates":[101],"predicted":[103],"as":[104,106],"well":[105],"deleted":[107],"words.":[108],"Several":[109],"simple":[110],"examined":[113,127],"combination.":[115],"To":[116],"usefulness":[118],"this":[120],"approach,":[121],"combined":[123],"score":[125],"untranscribed":[129],"data":[130],"selection":[131],"favours":[133],"with":[135],"lower":[136],"errors.":[138],"Experiments":[139],"conducted":[141],"using":[142],"Babel/Material":[144],"program":[145],"languages.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
