{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912622936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","title":"Discourse Modeling of Non-Native Spontaneous Speech Using the Rhetorical Structure Theory Framework","display_name":"Discourse Modeling of Non-Native Spontaneous Speech Using the Rhetorical Structure Theory Framework","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912622936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","mag":"2912622936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772594","display_name":"Xinhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0366-7543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088685968","display_name":"Binod Gyawali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binod Gyawali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048995937","display_name":"James V. Bruno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James V. Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069505573","display_name":"Hillary Molloy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hillary R. Molloy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030816616","display_name":"Keelan Evanini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-3376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keelan Evanini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069537054","display_name":"Klaus Zechner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9465-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Zechner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100772594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17457563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"913","last_page":"920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8470075130462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7021831274032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.596655547618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetorical-question","display_name":"Rhetorical question","score":0.595380425453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5770990252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5463141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric","display_name":"Rubric","score":0.5461453199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.49358069896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4686768651008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.43156898021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-corpus","display_name":"Speech corpus","score":0.4272863268852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.2020975649356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1367669403553009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8470075130462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7021831274032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.596655547618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.595380425453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5770990252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5463141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.5461453199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.49358069896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4686768651008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.43156898021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91863865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4349497","display_name":"Speech corpus","level":3,"score":0.4272863268852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.2020975649356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1367669403553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100948856","https://openalex.org/W332673702","https://openalex.org/W1501113571","https://openalex.org/W1597655096","https://openalex.org/W1894075015","https://openalex.org/W1979364015","https://openalex.org/W1985661114","https://openalex.org/W2018896856","https://openalex.org/W2030026461","https://openalex.org/W2044599851","https://openalex.org/W2045738181","https://openalex.org/W2046436395","https://openalex.org/W2059376792","https://openalex.org/W2069029003","https://openalex.org/W2107677906","https://openalex.org/W2120262106","https://openalex.org/W2137640092","https://openalex.org/W2143432970","https://openalex.org/W2144477340","https://openalex.org/W2158211888","https://openalex.org/W2161988551","https://openalex.org/W2165887782","https://openalex.org/W2166957049","https://openalex.org/W2170005043","https://openalex.org/W2186590411","https://openalex.org/W2250607491","https://openalex.org/W2251211118","https://openalex.org/W2251293245","https://openalex.org/W2251951653","https://openalex.org/W2252267789","https://openalex.org/W2398753020","https://openalex.org/W2400863515","https://openalex.org/W2510063686","https://openalex.org/W2565349465","https://openalex.org/W2574175619","https://openalex.org/W2574871361","https://openalex.org/W2740198496","https://openalex.org/W2741164290","https://openalex.org/W2758822623","https://openalex.org/W2759996821","https://openalex.org/W2769895155","https://openalex.org/W2793882798","https://openalex.org/W4248458756","https://openalex.org/W4253555784","https://openalex.org/W6604087163","https://openalex.org/W6611344771","https://openalex.org/W6630093626","https://openalex.org/W6676258793","https://openalex.org/W6683499027","https://openalex.org/W6684468177","https://openalex.org/W6685073429","https://openalex.org/W6691253963","https://openalex.org/W6691525040","https://openalex.org/W6712701208","https://openalex.org/W6732215679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2527177243","https://openalex.org/W1987813225","https://openalex.org/W4379053243","https://openalex.org/W3021020626","https://openalex.org/W2955201676","https://openalex.org/W4366957107","https://openalex.org/W2250825451","https://openalex.org/W2132474591","https://openalex.org/W2059064971","https://openalex.org/W2077302143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,48,64,91,118,140,152],"model":[4],"the":[5,13,34,65,68,111,142,155],"discourse":[6,37,71,143],"structure":[7,144],"of":[8,15,18,36,39,55,70,84,104,126,145,157],"spontaneous":[9,61,121,147],"spoken":[10,56,85,98],"responses":[11,99],"within":[12],"context":[14],"an":[16,158],"assessment":[17,103],"English":[19,106],"speaking":[20],"proficiency":[21],"for":[22,82],"non-native":[23,60,97,120,146],"speakers.":[24],"Rhetorical":[25],"Structure":[26],"Theory":[27],"(RST)":[28],"has":[29,45],"been":[30,46],"commonly":[31],"used":[32],"in":[33,58,78],"analysis":[35],"organization":[38],"written":[40],"texts;":[41],"however,":[42],"limited":[43],"research":[44,90],"conducted":[47],"date":[49],"on":[50,96,110],"RST":[51,94,138],"annotation":[52],"and":[53,135,149],"parsing":[54],"language,":[57,86],"particular,":[59],"speech.":[62,122],"Due":[63],"fact":[66],"that":[67],"measurement":[69],"coherence":[72],"is":[73],"typically":[74],"a":[75,89,101,124],"key":[76],"metric":[77],"human":[79],"scoring":[80,161],"rubrics":[81],"assessments":[83],"we":[87],"initiated":[88],"first":[92],"obtain":[93],"annotations":[95,112],"from":[100,131],"standardized":[102],"academic":[105],"proficiency.":[107],"Afterwards,":[108],"based":[109],"obtained,":[113],"automatic":[114],"parsers":[115],"were":[116,129],"built":[117],"process":[119],"Finally,":[123],"set":[125],"effective":[127],"features":[128],"extracted":[130],"both":[132],"manually":[133],"annotated":[134],"automatically":[136],"generated":[137],"trees":[139],"evaluate":[141],"speech,":[148],"then":[150],"employed":[151],"further":[153],"improve":[154],"validity":[156],"automated":[159],"speech":[160],"system.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}