{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586604101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","title":"Contextual language model adaptation using dynamic classes","display_name":"Contextual language model adaptation using dynamic classes","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586604101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","mag":"2586604101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030217791","display_name":"Lucy Vasserman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Vasserman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059637880","display_name":"Ben Haynor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Haynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081890177","display_name":"Petar Aleksic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Aleksic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030217791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94547843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"441","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8914906978607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.7017408013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6415179967880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6290788054466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5964987874031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5621269941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5497270226478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45744606852531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3740493059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16852927207946777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8914906978607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7017408013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6415179967880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6290788054466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5964987874031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5621269941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5497270226478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45744606852531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3740493059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16852927207946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604697534","https://openalex.org/W2046932483","https://openalex.org/W2114566964","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2134237567","https://openalex.org/W2293009711","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2296545762","https://openalex.org/W2395440424","https://openalex.org/W2402242075","https://openalex.org/W2403440562","https://openalex.org/W2407039696","https://openalex.org/W2586988759","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6696934422","https://openalex.org/W6696982659","https://openalex.org/W6697499602","https://openalex.org/W6713395095","https://openalex.org/W6713540388","https://openalex.org/W6713674225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997567050","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W1483272040","https://openalex.org/W4283377908","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W1533421371","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2810752900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"focus":[1],"on":[2,151],"assistant":[3],"products":[4],"has":[5],"increased":[6],"the":[7,70,95,124,133,137,149,162],"need":[8,96,134],"for":[9,48,83,114],"extremely":[10],"flexible":[11,112],"speech":[12,174],"systems":[13],"that":[14,81],"adapt":[15],"well":[16],"to":[17,29,97,135,164,195],"specific":[18,194],"users'":[19],"needs.":[20],"An":[21],"important":[22],"aspect":[23],"of":[24,86,102,117,181,187,191],"this":[25,75,90,105,171],"is":[26,92],"enabling":[27],"users":[28],"make":[30],"voice":[31],"commands":[32,50],"referencing":[33],"their":[34],"own":[35],"personal":[36],"data,":[37],"such":[38,51],"as":[39,52],"favorite":[40],"songs,":[41],"application":[42],"names,":[43],"and":[44,55],"contacts.":[45],"Recognition":[46],"accuracy":[47],"common":[49],"playing":[53],"music":[54],"sending":[56],"text":[57],"messages":[58],"can":[59,147,176],"be":[60],"greatly":[61],"improved":[62],"if":[63],"we":[64,72,107],"know":[65],"a":[66,109,127,152,158,178,188],"user's":[67],"preferences.":[68],"In":[69,104],"past,":[71],"have":[73],"addressed":[74],"problem":[76],"using":[77],"class-based":[78,99],"language":[79,129,140],"models":[80,100],"allow":[82],"query-time":[84,115],"injection":[85,116],"class":[87],"instances.":[88],"However,":[89],"approach":[91],"limited":[93],"by":[94,184],"train":[98],"ahead":[101],"time.":[103,143],"work,":[106,172],"present":[108],"significantly":[110],"more":[111],"system":[113,121,146,175],"user":[118],"context.":[119],"Our":[120],"dynamically":[122],"injects":[123],"classes":[125,138,150,167],"into":[126],"non-class-based":[128],"model.":[130],"We":[131],"remove":[132],"select":[136],"at":[139],"model":[141],"training":[142],"Instead,":[144],"our":[145,173],"vary":[148],"per-client,":[153],"per-use":[154],"case,":[155],"or":[156],"even":[157],"per-request":[159,168],"basis.":[160],"With":[161],"ability":[163],"inject":[165],"new":[166],"outlined":[169],"in":[170],"support":[177],"diverse":[179],"set":[180],"use":[182,197],"cases":[183],"taking":[185],"advantage":[186],"wide":[189],"range":[190],"contextual":[192],"information":[193],"each":[196],"case.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}