{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2587062121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","title":"Evaluation and calibration of Lombard effects in speaker verification","display_name":"Evaluation and calibration of Lombard effects in speaker verification","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2587062121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","mag":"2587062121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087883012","display_name":"Finnian Kelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802123492","display_name":"Oxford Research Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00z4w4f29","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143644","display_name":"Oxford Research (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2s5683","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143644"]}],"countries":["GB","NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Finnian Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Robust Speech Systems (CRSS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","Oxford Wave Research Ltd, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Robust Speech Systems (CRSS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Wave Research Ltd, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802123492","https://openalex.org/I4210143644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057910370","display_name":"John H. L. Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-9929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John H. L. Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Robust Speech Systems (CRSS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Robust Speech Systems (CRSS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54265627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7202112674713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6904408931732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6712210178375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.586923360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5709720253944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.5496682524681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.48051321506500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4326087236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.42799943685531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-enhancement","display_name":"Speech enhancement","score":0.4212832450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3653706908226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20752352476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17303955554962158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7202112674713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6904408931732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6712210178375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.586923360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5709720253944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.5496682524681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.48051321506500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4326087236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42799943685531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776182073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575395","display_name":"Speech enhancement","level":3,"score":0.4212832450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3653706908226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20752352476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17303955554962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620149980","https://openalex.org/W1481604723","https://openalex.org/W1486911581","https://openalex.org/W1563120900","https://openalex.org/W1936725236","https://openalex.org/W2004826498","https://openalex.org/W2016770751","https://openalex.org/W2023238506","https://openalex.org/W2023582935","https://openalex.org/W2039057510","https://openalex.org/W2043470629","https://openalex.org/W2057888214","https://openalex.org/W2106820503","https://openalex.org/W2117486215","https://openalex.org/W2121892718","https://openalex.org/W2125514156","https://openalex.org/W2129741985","https://openalex.org/W2143694533","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2406312423","https://openalex.org/W2485395001","https://openalex.org/W2963936775","https://openalex.org/W6713727690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2022538999","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W1955763106","https://openalex.org/W2002243964","https://openalex.org/W3090086172","https://openalex.org/W4375869276","https://openalex.org/W1603113134","https://openalex.org/W3005783148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,79],"Lombard":[1,30,41,77],"effect":[2,31],"is":[3,54,71,105],"the":[4,26,29,33,45,57,89],"involuntary":[5],"tendency":[6],"of":[7,28,35,47,62],"speakers":[8],"to":[9,19,73,85,110,118,125],"increase":[10],"their":[11],"vocal":[12],"effort":[13],"in":[14,17,44,121],"noisy":[15],"environments":[16],"order":[18],"maintain":[20],"intelligible":[21],"communication.":[22],"This":[23,115],"study":[24],"assesses":[25],"impact":[27],"on":[32,88,100],"performance":[34,61],"a":[36,119],"current":[37],"speaker":[38],"verification":[39],"system.":[40],"speech":[42],"produced":[43],"presence":[46],"several":[48],"noise":[49,52,90,93,108],"types":[50],"and":[51,92],"levels":[53],"drawn":[55],"from":[56],"UT-Scope":[58],"corpus.":[59],"an":[63],"i-vector":[64],"PLDA":[65],"(Probabilistic":[66],"Linear":[67],"Discriminant":[68],"Analysis)":[69],"system":[70],"observed":[72],"degrade":[74],"significantly":[75],"with":[76],"speech.":[78],"resulting":[80],"error":[81,123],"rates":[82],"are":[83],"found":[84],"be":[86,111],"dependent":[87],"type":[91],"level.":[94],"A":[95],"score":[96],"calibration":[97],"scheme":[98],"based":[99],"Quality":[101],"Measure":[102],"Functions":[103],"(QMFs)":[104],"adopted,":[106],"allowing":[107],"information":[109],"incorporated":[112],"into":[113],"calibration.":[114,127],"approach":[116],"leads":[117],"reduction":[120],"discrimination":[122],"relative":[124],"conventional":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}