{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030119804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","title":"Subword scheme for keyword search","display_name":"Subword scheme for keyword search","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030119804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","mag":"2030119804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325075","display_name":"Zhipeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-192X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372518","display_name":"Teng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014958566","display_name":"Ji Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-726X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Signal and Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100325075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89083351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"483","last_page":"488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.882271409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.7554296255111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.7430975437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6635058522224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6254115104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6187689304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6171780824661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.612800121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamil","display_name":"Tamil","score":0.4992105960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.43715065717697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4150632619857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13878756761550903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.882271409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.7554296255111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.7430975437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6635058522224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6254115104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6187689304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6171780824661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.612800121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140688305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5885","display_name":"Tamil","level":2,"score":0.4992105960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.43715065717697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4150632619857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13878756761550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114193738","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1596222676","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1981706894","https://openalex.org/W2000654171","https://openalex.org/W2026369565","https://openalex.org/W2052274902","https://openalex.org/W2090755665","https://openalex.org/W2110817634","https://openalex.org/W2123237149","https://openalex.org/W2131342762","https://openalex.org/W2150857077","https://openalex.org/W2156431836","https://openalex.org/W2167338739","https://openalex.org/W6604666349","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6679429981","https://openalex.org/W6683369307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504746966","https://openalex.org/W4360853490","https://openalex.org/W282935141","https://openalex.org/W2102222526","https://openalex.org/W3189436399","https://openalex.org/W2903473488","https://openalex.org/W4235233115","https://openalex.org/W2605598660","https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Keyword":[0],"search":[1],"(KWS)":[2],"is":[3,20],"an":[4,22],"important":[5,23],"application":[6],"of":[7,13,52,99,125,146,148],"spoken":[8],"language":[9,31,66],"technology.":[10],"The":[11,123],"technique":[12],"Large":[14],"Vocabulary":[15],"Continuous":[16],"Speech":[17],"Recognition":[18],"(LVCSR)":[19],"playing":[21],"role":[24],"in":[25,57,62,79],"KWS":[26,71,80],"system.":[27],"However,":[28],"for":[29],"a":[30,64,92,135],"with":[32,48],"large":[33,104],"vocabulary":[34,41,105],"and":[35],"relatively":[36],"insufficient":[37],"text":[38],"corpus,":[39],"the":[40,49,97,103,110,131,144,149],"size":[42],"keeps":[43],"going":[44],"up":[45],"very":[46],"quickly":[47],"increasing":[50],"amount":[51],"text,":[53],"as":[54],"we":[55,90],"observed":[56],"Tamil.":[58],"This":[59],"brings":[60],"difficulty":[61],"training":[63],"reliable":[65],"model,":[67],"which":[68],"may":[69],"undermine":[70],"performance.":[72],"Subword":[73],"unit":[74],"has":[75],"been":[76],"successfully":[77],"employed":[78],"system":[81,112,117,126,138],"to":[82,101],"handle":[83],"out-of-vocabulary":[84],"(OOV)":[85],"problem.":[86,106],"Inspired":[87],"by":[88],"this,":[89],"propose":[91],"novel":[93],"subword":[94],"scheme":[95],"from":[96],"perspective":[98],"pronunciation":[100],"alleviate":[102],"We":[107],"find":[108],"that":[109,147],"subword-based":[111,137],"outperforms":[113],"our":[114],"best":[115,132],"word-based":[116,133,152],"on":[118],"Tamil":[119],"conversational":[120],"telephone":[121],"speech.":[122],"experiment":[124],"combination":[127],"shows":[128],"that,":[129],"over":[130],"system,":[134],"single":[136],"contains":[139],"more":[140],"complementary":[141],"information":[142],"than":[143],"total":[145],"other":[150],"three":[151],"systems.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
