{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006834952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","title":"Recognition of stance strength and polarity in spontaneous speech","display_name":"Recognition of stance strength and polarity in spontaneous speech","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006834952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","mag":"2006834952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031004017","display_name":"Gina\u2010Anne Levow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gina-Anne Levow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088957093","display_name":"Valerie Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-423X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023582968","display_name":"Alena Hrynkevich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alena Hrynkevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087215613","display_name":"Mari Ostendorf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mari Ostendorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006429520","display_name":"Richard Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051075420","display_name":"Julian Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074697516","display_name":"Yi Luan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020713738","display_name":"Trang Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1116-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trang Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington - Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031004017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88923866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"236","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7143720388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6150223612785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5542779564857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.529728353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5234289169311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.47899290919303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.47057124972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.4601706862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.43400394916534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.13777664303779602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7143720388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6150223612785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5542779564857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.529728353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5234289169311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.47899290919303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.47057124972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.4601706862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.43400394916534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.13777664303779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2014.7078580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52724552","https://openalex.org/W144220174","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1569447338","https://openalex.org/W1572362538","https://openalex.org/W1967807490","https://openalex.org/W2014902591","https://openalex.org/W2019892348","https://openalex.org/W2029996593","https://openalex.org/W2053463056","https://openalex.org/W2056818712","https://openalex.org/W2085628288","https://openalex.org/W2086677051","https://openalex.org/W2098420572","https://openalex.org/W2125382827","https://openalex.org/W2130961049","https://openalex.org/W2150850338","https://openalex.org/W2166637769","https://openalex.org/W2166706824","https://openalex.org/W2172070182","https://openalex.org/W2302917289","https://openalex.org/W2406963224","https://openalex.org/W2796493717","https://openalex.org/W3209383001","https://openalex.org/W6602151093","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6674917748","https://openalex.org/W6697873076","https://openalex.org/W6714089541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W4231274751","https://openalex.org/W1549363203","https://openalex.org/W2154063878","https://openalex.org/W2556012038","https://openalex.org/W1489772951","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W2571255492","https://openalex.org/W4239293476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"activities":[1],"as":[2,4,10,12],"simple":[3],"scheduling":[5],"a":[6,14,66,116,126],"meeting":[7],"to":[8,75],"those":[9],"complex":[11],"balancing":[13],"national":[15],"budget,":[16],"people":[17],"take":[18],"stances":[19],"in":[20,60,112,125],"negotiations":[21],"and":[22,31,45,94,122,140,176],"decision":[23],"making.":[24],"While":[25],"the":[26,155],"related":[27],"areas":[28],"of":[29,58,70,79,91,96,109,118,138,143,157],"subjectivity":[30],"sentiment":[32],"analysis":[33],"have":[34],"received":[35],"significant":[36],"attention,":[37],"work":[38],"has":[39],"focused":[40],"almost":[41],"exclusively":[42],"on":[43,99,134,169],"text,":[44],"much":[46],"stance-taking":[47,59,80,92,110,158],"activity":[48],"is":[49],"carried":[50],"out":[51],"verbally.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"investigates":[55],"automatic":[56,107],"recognition":[57,108,142],"spontaneous":[61],"speech.":[62,113],"It":[63],"first":[64],"presents":[65],"new":[67],"annotated":[68,87,101],"corpus":[69],"spontaneous,":[71],"conversational":[72],"speech":[73],"designed":[74],"elicit":[76],"high":[77],"densities":[78],"at":[81],"different":[82],"strengths.":[83],"Speaker":[84],"spurts":[85],"are":[86],"both":[88,135],"for":[89,106],"strength":[90],"behavior":[93,111],"polarity":[95,156],"stance.":[97],"Based":[98],"this":[100],"corpus,":[102],"we":[103,153],"develop":[104],"classifiers":[105,130,166],"We":[114],"employ":[115],"range":[117],"lexical,":[119],"speaking":[120,174],"style,":[121],"prosodic":[123,177],"features":[124,178],"boosting":[127],"framework.":[128],"The":[129,164],"achieve":[131],"strong":[132],"accuracies":[133,161,181],"binary":[136],"detection":[137],"stance":[139,144],"four-way":[141],"strength,":[145],"well":[146,184],"above":[147,185],"most":[148],"common":[149,186],"class":[150,187],"assignment.":[151,188],"Finally,":[152],"classify":[154],"spurts,":[159],"obtaining":[160],"around":[162],"80%.":[163],"best":[165],"rely":[167],"primarily":[168],"word":[170],"unigram":[171],"features,":[172],"with":[173],"style":[175],"yielding":[179],"lower":[180],"but":[182],"still":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
