{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969121061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","title":"On the use of phone log-likelihood ratios as features in spoken language recognition","display_name":"On the use of phone log-likelihood ratios as features in spoken language recognition","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969121061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","mag":"1969121061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035162271","display_name":"Mireia D\u00edez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-8377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mireia Diez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057476491","display_name":"Amparo Varona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amparo Varona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031896364","display_name":"Mikel Pe\u00f1agarikano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Penagarikano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084820966","display_name":"Luis Javier Rodr\u00edguez-Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-2667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Javier Rodriguez-Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067184681","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Bordel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-0964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Bordel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTTS (http://gtts.ehu.es), Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035162271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.973834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"274","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7556781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6431664824485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5641934275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5193182826042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4178304672241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.4129772186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.20460888743400574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7556781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6431664824485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5641934275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5193182826042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4178304672241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.4129772186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.20460888743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424235","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11895975","https://openalex.org/W151003953","https://openalex.org/W167195097","https://openalex.org/W204053250","https://openalex.org/W1532356791","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W2023238506","https://openalex.org/W2047769394","https://openalex.org/W2117099982","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2125168896","https://openalex.org/W2128383159","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2151534428","https://openalex.org/W2340176088","https://openalex.org/W2397634864","https://openalex.org/W2398046886","https://openalex.org/W2401017327","https://openalex.org/W2403547305","https://openalex.org/W2408021097","https://openalex.org/W4385822273","https://openalex.org/W6606123296","https://openalex.org/W6608353291","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6712325649","https://openalex.org/W6713002049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370205415","https://openalex.org/W4387493491","https://openalex.org/W2904225411","https://openalex.org/W4388331409","https://openalex.org/W2169921015","https://openalex.org/W1961128080","https://openalex.org/W2323686453","https://openalex.org/W2632043587","https://openalex.org/W2061937230","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,39,57],"alternative":[4],"feature":[5,65],"set":[6,45],"to":[7,15,55,91],"the":[8,19,63,77,98,102,108,112],"traditional":[9],"MFCC-SDC":[10,64],"used":[11],"in":[12],"acoustic":[13,58,113],"approaches":[14],"Spoken":[16],"Language":[17],"Recognition:":[18],"log-likelihood":[20],"ratios":[21],"of":[22,46,107],"phone":[23,34],"posterior":[24],"probabilities,":[25],"hereafter":[26],"Phone":[27],"Log-Likelihood":[28],"Ratios":[29],"(PLLR),":[30],"produced":[31],"by":[32],"a":[33,69],"recognizer.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37,44],"work,":[38],"iVector":[40,59,84,100],"system":[41,60],"trained":[42,86],"on":[43,62,87,125],"features":[47,89],"(plus":[48],"dynamic":[49],"coefficients)":[50],"is":[51],"evaluated":[52],"and":[53,67,80,101,114],"compared":[54],"(1)":[56],"(trained":[61],"set)":[66],"(2)":[68],"phonotactic":[70,103,115],"(Phone-lattice-SVM)":[71],"system,":[72],"using":[73],"two":[74],"different":[75],"benchmarks:":[76],"NIST":[78],"2007":[79],"2009":[81],"LRE":[82],"datasets.":[83],"systems":[85,116,124],"PLLR":[88],"proved":[90],"be":[92],"competitive,":[93],"reaching":[94],"or":[95],"even":[96,118],"outperforming":[97,122],"MFCC-SDC-based":[99],"systems.":[104],"The":[105],"fusion":[106],"proposed":[109],"approach":[110],"with":[111],"provided":[117],"more":[119],"significant":[120],"improvements,":[121],"state-of-the-art":[123],"both":[126],"benchmarks.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
