{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084142050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","title":"A critical analysis of two statistical spoken dialog systems in public use","display_name":"A critical analysis of two statistical spoken dialog systems in public use","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084142050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","mag":"2084142050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103246485","display_name":"J. D. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-9673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason D. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","[Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103246485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.30532381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96169835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.8347253799438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795847654342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.5871168375015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5821999311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5477182865142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.5310172438621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5297659039497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-system","display_name":"Dialog system","score":0.529651403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-evidence","display_name":"Statistical evidence","score":0.4889572858810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.47176602482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4543520510196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4534792900085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37989184260368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16785255074501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09131315350532532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.8347253799438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795847654342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.5871168375015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5821999311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5477182865142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.5310172438621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5297659039497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.529651403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993259228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Statistical evidence","level":3,"score":0.4889572858810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.47176602482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4543520510196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4534792900085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37989184260368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16785255074501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09131315350532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2012.6424197","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80109055","https://openalex.org/W1524766440","https://openalex.org/W1974654183","https://openalex.org/W2112924667","https://openalex.org/W2138742901","https://openalex.org/W2154624463","https://openalex.org/W2438667436","https://openalex.org/W6603272962","https://openalex.org/W6631470102","https://openalex.org/W6680634817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W48079147","https://openalex.org/W2394821827","https://openalex.org/W2563921006","https://openalex.org/W1963944933","https://openalex.org/W1600043506","https://openalex.org/W2111550420","https://openalex.org/W2549666521","https://openalex.org/W3133893348","https://openalex.org/W2920931047","https://openalex.org/W1977846844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"two":[3,23],"statistical":[4,27],"spoken":[5],"dialog":[6],"systems":[7,24],"deployed":[8],"to":[9],"the":[10,22,43,69,72,81],"public,":[11],"extending":[12],"an":[13],"earlier":[14],"study":[15],"on":[16],"one":[17],"system":[18],"[1].":[19],"Results":[20],"across":[21],"show":[25,80],"that":[26],"techniques":[28],"improved":[29],"performance":[30,36],"in":[31,37,57,68],"some":[32],"cases,":[33],"but":[34],"degraded":[35],"others.":[38],"Investigating":[39],"degradations,":[40],"we":[41],"find":[42,63],"three":[44],"main":[45],"causes":[46],"are":[47],"(non-obviously)":[48],"inaccurate":[49],"parameter":[50],"estimates,":[51],"poor":[52],"confidence":[53],"scores,":[54],"and":[55,78],"correlations":[56],"speech":[58],"recognition":[59],"errors.":[60],"We":[61],"also":[62],"evidence":[64],"for":[65],"fundamental":[66],"weaknesses":[67],"formulation":[70],"of":[71,83],"model":[73],"as":[74],"a":[75,84],"generative":[76],"process,":[77],"briefly":[79],"potential":[82],"discriminatively-trained":[85],"alternative.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}