{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117444496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","title":"Query language modeling for voice search","display_name":"Query language modeling for voice search","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117444496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","mag":"2117444496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068010225","display_name":"Ciprian Chelba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Chelba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081836495","display_name":"Johan Schalkwyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Schalkwyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076738898","display_name":"Thorsten Brants","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Brants","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108885674","display_name":"Vu Thi Hong Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0277-800X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011049973","display_name":"Bassam Harb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-1876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Harb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085230030","display_name":"Will Neveitt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Neveitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090570382","display_name":"Carolina Parada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7772-4646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Parada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047997552","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-9341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., 1600 Amphiteatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"127","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.850540041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6202964186668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.6057960987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.5584944486618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5296825170516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5262326598167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47462618350982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4620250165462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4509321451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.44105011224746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.4351215064525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4187094569206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.41599270701408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2729630470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.1588403880596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11389338970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06737440824508667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.850540041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6202964186668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.6057960987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.5584944486618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5296825170516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5262326598167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47462618350982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4620250165462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4509321451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.44105011224746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.4351215064525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4187094569206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.41599270701408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2729630470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.1588403880596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11389338970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06737440824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2010.5700834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.187.6834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.187.6834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/%7Ecarolinap/papers/queryLM4VoiceSearch.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.1340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.1340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/36732.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62305045","https://openalex.org/W143425341","https://openalex.org/W1544588226","https://openalex.org/W1582482241","https://openalex.org/W1757803263","https://openalex.org/W1797288984","https://openalex.org/W1903115690","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W2068017609","https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2109664771","https://openalex.org/W2119851697","https://openalex.org/W2134237567","https://openalex.org/W2156700117","https://openalex.org/W4233112518","https://openalex.org/W4302312245","https://openalex.org/W6602462143","https://openalex.org/W6638218882","https://openalex.org/W6639940318","https://openalex.org/W6676373471","https://openalex.org/W6677820874","https://openalex.org/W6815179950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W2146885082","https://openalex.org/W2186703450","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W8514837","https://openalex.org/W2017328855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"empirical":[4,68],"exploration":[5],"of":[6,16,39,74],"google.com":[7],"query":[8,19,76],"stream":[9,20],"language":[10],"modeling.":[11],"We":[12,34],"describe":[13],"the":[14,17,43,52,75],"normalization":[15],"typed":[18],"resulting":[21],"in":[22],"out-of-vocabulary":[23],"(OoV)":[24],"rates":[25],"below":[26],"1%":[27],"for":[28,46],"a":[29,36,47,56],"one":[30],"million":[31],"word":[32],"vocabulary.":[33],"present":[35],"comprehensive":[37],"set":[38],"experiments":[40],"that":[41,70],"guided":[42],"design":[44],"decisions":[45],"voice":[48],"search":[49],"service.":[50],"In":[51],"process":[53],"we":[54],"re-discovered":[55],"less":[57],"known":[58],"interaction":[59],"between":[60],"Kneser-Ney":[61],"smoothing":[62],"and":[63,66,88],"entropy":[64],"pruning,":[65],"found":[67],"evidence":[69],"hints":[71],"at":[72],"non-stationarity":[73],"stream,":[77],"as":[78,80],"well":[79],"strong":[81],"dependence":[82],"on":[83],"various":[84],"English":[85],"locales-USA,":[86],"Britain":[87],"Australia.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}