{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391148660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301","title":"An Explainable AI Tool for Operational Risks Evaluation of AI Systems for SMEs","display_name":"An Explainable AI Tool for Operational Risks Evaluation of AI Systems for SMEs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391148660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012915897","display_name":"The Anh Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-7714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T A Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teesside University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teesside University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035987100","display_name":"Debas\u0131sh Pand\u0131t","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-2201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Pandit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teesside University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teesside University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011758265","display_name":"Sina Joneidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Joneidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teesside University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teesside University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010603897","display_name":"Md. Maruf Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-9462"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M M Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediprospectsAI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediprospectsAI","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104233252","display_name":"Julius Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069647515","display_name":"Marzia Hoque Tania","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Hoque Tania","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617252","display_name":"Md. Alamgir Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9382-3935"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Readiness & Intelligence Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Readiness & Intelligence Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093772651","display_name":"N Nourmohammadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Nourmohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Readiness & Intelligence Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Readiness & Intelligence Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629549503326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.5556036233901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.49486035108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4584614038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.4534175992012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.42695847153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.39219748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3782635033130646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.369125634431839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21204254031181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1771785318851471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629549503326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5556036233901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.49486035108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4584614038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.4534175992012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.42695847153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.39219748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3782635033130646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.369125634431839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21204254031181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1771785318851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/skima59232.2023.10387301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:500974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/SKIMA59232.2023.10387301>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/oai:openaire_cris_publications/9f9619b9-ad24-4458-b0cc-945bd405975e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/9f9619b9-ad24-4458-b0cc-945bd405975e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402475","display_name":"Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","host_organization_name":"Teesside University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046603953","https://openalex.org/W2462906003","https://openalex.org/W2575439561","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2750631532","https://openalex.org/W2753845591","https://openalex.org/W2757528734","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2954098525","https://openalex.org/W2963040191","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2974071289","https://openalex.org/W2985543011","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3037804676","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3125569121","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4285784386","https://openalex.org/W4289438483","https://openalex.org/W4394645559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2154949144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,46,134,159],"surge":[2],"in":[3,35],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"adoption":[7],"by":[8],"Small":[9],"and":[10,18,37,54,65,74,86,88,104,107,115,121],"Medium-sized":[11],"Enterprises":[12],"(SMEs),":[13],"ensuring":[14],"their":[15],"safety,":[16],"fairness,":[17],"operational":[19],"assurance":[20],"has":[21],"become":[22],"paramount.":[23],"Since":[24],"many":[25],"SMEs":[26],"operate":[27],"with":[28,76,123],"limited":[29],"resources,":[30],"they":[31],"face":[32],"unique":[33],"challenges":[34,87],"ethically":[36],"securely":[38],"deploying":[39],"AI":[40,50,83,130,147],"systems.":[41],"This":[42,96,155],"research":[43],"delves":[44],"into":[45],"core":[47],"principles":[48],"of":[49,145],"governance,":[51],"risk":[52,143,165],"management,":[53],"testing,":[55],"specifically":[56,149],"tailored":[57],"for":[58,128,153],"SMEs,":[59],"emphasising":[60,118],"making":[61],"these":[62],"concepts":[63],"accessible":[64],"understandable.":[66],"Through":[67],"collaborative":[68],"efforts,":[69],"including":[70],"interactive":[71],"workshops,":[72],"meetings":[73],"surveys":[75],"twenty":[77],"SME":[78],"participants,":[79],"we":[80],"identified":[81],"vital":[82],"application":[84,169],"areas":[85],"conceptualised":[89],"an":[90],"evaluation":[91,161],"tool":[92,97,162],"leveraging":[93],"explainable":[94],"AI.":[95],"assesses":[98],"AI-driven":[99,150],"systems'":[100],"robustness,":[101],"potential":[102],"biases,":[103],"other":[105],"software":[106],"hardware":[108],"vulnerabilities":[109],"It":[110],"also":[111],"addresses":[112],"ethical":[113],"considerations":[114],"legal":[116],"compliance,":[117],"establishing":[119],"trust":[120],"accountability":[122],"stakeholders":[124],"as":[125],"a":[126,137,142],"foundation":[127],"successful":[129],"integration.":[131],"In":[132],"conclusion,":[133],"paper":[135],"presents":[136],"pilot":[138],"study":[139,156],"that":[140],"conducts":[141],"analysis":[144],"prevalent":[146],"applications,":[148],"language":[151],"models,":[152],"SMEs.":[154],"illustrates":[157],"how":[158],"proposed":[160],"will":[163],"integrate":[164],"levels":[166],"across":[167],"different":[168],"domains.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}