{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391623554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884","title":"Less is More: Imputing for Missing Direct Medical Costs within the Middle East and North Africa Region Using Macroeconomic Indicators","display_name":"Less is More: Imputing for Missing Direct Medical Costs within the Middle East and North Africa Region Using Macroeconomic Indicators","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391623554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 21st Jubilee International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048269517","display_name":"Meriem Fgaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-8164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419141","display_name":"Buda Health Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00yx04352","country_code":"HU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419141"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meriem Fgaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Óbuda University,Budapest,Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Óbuda University,Budapest,Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064962395","display_name":"Zsombor Zrubka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-6087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419141","display_name":"Buda Health Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00yx04352","country_code":"HU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164922","display_name":"Innova (Hungary)","ror":"https://ror.org/05h443j18","country_code":"HU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zsombor Zrubka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University,Budapest,Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University,Budapest,Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419141","https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79954963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"000469","last_page":"000476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita","display_name":"Per capita","score":0.854491651058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"Gross domestic product","score":0.7715630531311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.570156991481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.520673394203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.49756792187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.4227476119995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3242514729499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27026650309562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.20396241545677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.162396639585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14442813396453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.10525423288345337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.854491651058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.7715630531311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.570156991481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.520673394203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.49756792187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4227476119995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3242514729499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27026650309562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.20396241545677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.162396639585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14442813396453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10525423288345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sisy60376.2023.10417884","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 21st Jubilee International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972388955","https://openalex.org/W2019257540","https://openalex.org/W2032950374","https://openalex.org/W2042242257","https://openalex.org/W2065742895","https://openalex.org/W2096425386","https://openalex.org/W2105907017","https://openalex.org/W2119475196","https://openalex.org/W2157117527","https://openalex.org/W2320553484","https://openalex.org/W2768542624","https://openalex.org/W2905077837","https://openalex.org/W2983570302","https://openalex.org/W3015219050","https://openalex.org/W3015457752","https://openalex.org/W3024555454","https://openalex.org/W3025177818","https://openalex.org/W3043720511","https://openalex.org/W3092556994","https://openalex.org/W3097116167","https://openalex.org/W3111629666","https://openalex.org/W3129222183","https://openalex.org/W3151002452","https://openalex.org/W3181163959","https://openalex.org/W3194487826","https://openalex.org/W3194754196","https://openalex.org/W4205376839","https://openalex.org/W4205394049","https://openalex.org/W4206071468","https://openalex.org/W4213262103","https://openalex.org/W4221050442","https://openalex.org/W4280494203","https://openalex.org/W4283516529","https://openalex.org/W4308914149","https://openalex.org/W4320058865","https://openalex.org/W4321637139","https://openalex.org/W4365129836","https://openalex.org/W4366504539","https://openalex.org/W4379058449","https://openalex.org/W4380369889","https://openalex.org/W6632096865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226161467","https://openalex.org/W2886718573","https://openalex.org/W4200541242","https://openalex.org/W2036608594","https://openalex.org/W4221127391","https://openalex.org/W2044331835","https://openalex.org/W4388894273","https://openalex.org/W2782780157","https://openalex.org/W2044696968","https://openalex.org/W2088915718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,191],"Middle":[1],"East":[2],"and":[3,69,138,165,173,228],"North":[4],"Africa":[5],"region":[6],"(MENA)":[7],"is":[8,43,219],"suffering":[9],"from":[10,32,64,127],"a":[11,71,175],"scarcity":[12],"of":[13,20,46,61,99,122,161,187,198],"economic":[14,22],"data":[15,157],"which":[16,86],"slows":[17],"the":[18,55,88,93,105,119,159,183,188,196,205,213,223],"implementation":[19],"health":[21,28,115,133,140],"analysis":[23],"when":[24],"deciding":[25],"on":[26],"local":[27],"policies.":[29],"Transferring":[30],"costs":[31,63,85,126,201],"other":[33],"jurisdictions":[34],"may":[35],"help":[36],"to":[37,103,114,221,225,229],"overcome":[38],"this":[39,100],"issue,":[40],"yet":[41],"there":[42],"no":[44],"evidence":[45],"whether":[47],"it":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50,147],"an":[51],"appropriate":[52],"solution":[53],"in":[54,208],"MENA":[56,65,231],"context.":[57],"A":[58],"systematic":[59],"review":[60],"disease-related":[62],"analyzed":[66],"their":[67],"transferability":[68,227,233],"estimated":[70],"cost":[72],"transfer":[73],"formula":[74,109],"adjusting":[75,195],"for":[76,92,150,155],"gross":[77],"domestic":[78],"product":[79],"(GDP)":[80],"per":[81,107,136,143,163,167,171,210],"capita":[82,108,137,144,164,168,172,211],"using":[83,158,178],"available":[84,149,199],"applied":[87],"same":[89,94,120],"reporting":[90],"methods":[91],"costing":[95],"year.":[96],"aim":[98],"paper":[101],"was":[102],"extend":[104],"GDP":[106,162,209],"incorporating":[110],"macroeconomic":[111],"indicators":[112],"related":[113],"expenditure.":[116],"We":[117],"used":[118],"dataset":[121],"148":[123],"direct":[124],"medical":[125],"eight":[128],"multicounty":[129],"studies.":[130],"As":[131],"total":[132],"expenditure":[134,141],"(THE)":[135],"governmental":[139],"(GHE)":[142],"might":[145],"not":[146],"always":[148],"all":[151],"countries,":[152],"we":[153],"imputed":[154],"missing":[156],"mean":[160,185],"THE":[166],"or":[169],"GHE":[170],"run":[174],"robust":[176],"regression":[177],"three":[179,189],"prediction":[180],"models":[181],"combining":[182],"geometric":[184],"combination":[186],"indicators.":[190],"results":[192],"showed":[193],"that":[194],"average":[197],"foreign":[200],"by":[202],"0.28":[203],"times":[204],"relative":[206],"difference":[207],"still":[212],"best":[214],"estimation":[215],"technique.":[216],"Further":[217],"research":[218],"needed":[220],"explain":[222],"barriers":[224],"use":[226],"establish":[230],"region-specific":[232],"guidelines.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}