{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101168433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","title":"Integer-valued Particle Swarm Optimization applied to Sudoku puzzles","display_name":"Integer-valued Particle Swarm Optimization applied to Sudoku puzzles","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101168433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","mag":"2101168433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113663844","display_name":"James M. Hereford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127362389","display_name":"Murray State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fmwcn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James M. Hereford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Murray State University, Murray, KY, US","Murray State Univ., Murray, KY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Murray State University, Murray, KY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Murray State Univ., Murray, KY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060351643","display_name":"Hunter Gerlach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127362389","display_name":"Murray State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fmwcn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hunter Gerlach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Murray State University, Murray, KY, US","Murray State Univ., Murray, KY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Murray State University, Murray, KY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Murray State Univ., Murray, KY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113663844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127362389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12460826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.8013284206390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6267827749252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.555618166923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5334928631782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.5278342366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.4987614154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4772205948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4411422908306122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4229722023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4186878800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36609917879104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08906787633895874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.8013284206390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6267827749252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.555618166923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5334928631782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.5278342366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4987614154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4772205948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4411422908306122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4229722023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4186878800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36609917879104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08906787633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sis.2008.4668293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502205195","https://openalex.org/W1750874035","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2115768458","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2126372565","https://openalex.org/W2138278080","https://openalex.org/W2162012556","https://openalex.org/W2168747298","https://openalex.org/W2623843378","https://openalex.org/W6637744646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006324351","https://openalex.org/W2965421953","https://openalex.org/W2349895019","https://openalex.org/W2116074880","https://openalex.org/W2950423922","https://openalex.org/W2161494499","https://openalex.org/W2121780490","https://openalex.org/W2137136732","https://openalex.org/W2132113279","https://openalex.org/W2368795850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,80],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"develop":[4],"a":[5,50],"variation":[6],"of":[7,82],"the":[8,28,45,61,68],"particle":[9],"swarm":[10],"optimization":[11,19],"(PSO)":[12],"algorithm":[13,43],"that":[14,60],"is":[15],"tailored":[16],"to":[17,33,44,49],"discrete":[18,37],"problems.":[20],"We":[21,39,70],"focus":[22],"on":[23,79],"solving":[24],"Sudoku":[25],"puzzles":[26,57],"but":[27],"ideas":[29],"can":[30],"be":[31],"extended":[32],"other":[34],"problems":[35],"with":[36],"solutions.":[38],"compare":[40],"our":[41],"PSO-based":[42],"classic":[46],"PSO":[47,62,74],"and":[48,58],"(mu+lambda)":[51],"evolutionary":[52],"strategy":[53],"(ES)":[54],"for":[55],"50":[56],"find":[59],"algorithms":[63],"do":[64,77],"much":[65],"worse":[66],"than":[67],"ES.":[69],"then":[71],"consider":[72],"why":[73],"does":[75],"not":[76],"well":[78],"type":[81],"problem.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
