{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416750670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282","title":"FPGA-Based Hybrid Beamforming under Quantization and Phase Resolution Constraints","display_name":"FPGA-Based Hybrid Beamforming under Quantization and Phase Resolution Constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416750670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675061","display_name":"Mengyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2287-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070760948","display_name":"Robert Weigel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Weigel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120433655","display_name":"Norman Fanchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Fanchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045413798","display_name":"Torsten Rei\u00dfland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-3875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Reissland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Smart Electronics and Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44346078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.7799000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.7799000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.029400000348687172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6715999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.39579999446868896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7293000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6715999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983609787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10534782","display_name":"Software implementation","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656403","display_name":"Hardware architecture","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2165943096","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2964023610","https://openalex.org/W3048416797","https://openalex.org/W3134408583","https://openalex.org/W4206288893","https://openalex.org/W4221151058","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4383337752","https://openalex.org/W4404035657","https://openalex.org/W4404070405","https://openalex.org/W4407467392"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,7,13,45,68],"quantization-aware":[4],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,34,84,106],"hybrid":[8],"beamforming":[9],"(HBF)":[10],"receiver":[11],"on":[12],"field-programmable":[14],"gate":[15],"array":[16],"(FPGA)":[17],"for":[18],"millimeter-wave":[19],"(mmWave)":[20],"communications,":[21],"addressing":[22],"practical":[23],"hardware":[24,91],"constraints":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"fixed-point":[28],"arithmetic":[29],"and":[30,44,53,77,98,113,121],"the":[31,75,78,82,85,118,126],"limited":[32],"resolution":[33],"analog":[35],"phase":[36],"shifters.":[37],"The":[38,65],"proposed":[39,127],"design":[40,97],"incorporates":[41],"input":[42],"normalization":[43],"baseband":[46],"refinement":[47],"strategy":[48],"to":[49,88],"enhance":[50],"computational":[51],"robustness":[52],"index":[54],"selection":[55],"accuracy":[56],"under":[57],"low":[58],"bit-width":[59],"settings,":[60],"thereby":[61],"preserving":[62],"spectral":[63],"efficiency.":[64],"system":[66,128],"adopts":[67],"co-optimized":[69],"architecture":[70],"that":[71],"partitions":[72],"computation":[73],"between":[74,111],"FPGA":[76,101],"ARM":[79],"processor,":[80],"leveraging":[81],"structure":[83],"HBF":[86],"algorithm":[87],"enable":[89],"efficient":[90],"acceleration":[92],"without":[93],"compromising":[94],"accuracy.":[95],"We":[96],"evaluate":[99],"multiple":[100],"implementations":[102],"with":[103],"varying":[104],"degrees":[105],"parallelism,":[107],"highlighting":[108],"clear":[109],"trade-offs":[110],"latency":[112],"resource":[114],"usage.":[115],"Even":[116],"in":[117,134],"slowest":[119],"configuration":[120],"including":[122],"data":[123],"transfer":[124],"overhead,":[125],"significantly":[129],"outperforms":[130],"ARM-based":[131],"software":[132],"processing":[133],"execution":[135],"time.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
