{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416751333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260","title":"Phase Spectrum Design for Multi-Beam Analog Beamforming in mmWave Planar Arrays","display_name":"Phase Spectrum Design for Multi-Beam Analog Beamforming in mmWave Planar Arrays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416751333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086510234","display_name":"Jiazhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339702","display_name":"Miao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085686707","display_name":"Shuai Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449425","display_name":"Xiaoying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-8857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008814134","display_name":"Heng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8961-0531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073099289","display_name":"Zhuoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.3555999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.3555999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.2590999901294708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.541700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal-processing","display_name":"Analog signal processing","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.541700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C379707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2328303","display_name":"Analog signal processing","level":4,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Relative phase","level":3,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122381330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Frequency spectrum","level":3,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57747864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180948","display_name":"Phase distortion","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170263048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489593","display_name":"Minimum phase","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips66314.2025.11261260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4379616799","https://openalex.org/W4386453446","https://openalex.org/W4388405591","https://openalex.org/W4394627509","https://openalex.org/W4400277833","https://openalex.org/W4401326144","https://openalex.org/W4401878940"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,79],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,6,11,18,44,47,51,71],"relationship":[4,42],"between":[5,43],"beam":[7,53],"pattern":[8],"spectrum":[9,49],"and":[10,46,73,87],"analog":[12,23,62,90],"beamformer":[13,45],"of":[14,50,76],"antenna":[15],"arrays":[16],"under":[17],"constant":[19],"modulus":[20],"constraint.":[21],"The":[22],"beamforming":[24,63],"vector":[25],"is":[26],"first":[27],"modeled":[28],"as":[29],"a":[30,60],"non-stationary":[31],"complex":[32],"exponential":[33],"signal,":[34],"from":[35],"which":[36],"we":[37,58],"derive":[38],"an":[39],"explicit":[40],"analytical":[41],"phase":[48,74],"resulting":[52],"pattern.":[54],"Leveraging":[55],"this":[56],"relationship,":[57],"propose":[59],"multi-beam":[61],"algorithm":[64],"that":[65],"enables":[66],"simultaneous":[67],"control":[68],"over":[69],"both":[70],"amplitude":[72],"spectra":[75],"individual":[77],"sub-beams.":[78],"capability":[80],"offers":[81],"enhanced":[82],"flexibility":[83],"for":[84],"integrated":[85],"sensing":[86],"communications":[88],"in":[89],"array":[91],"architectures.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}