{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2529096783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2016.48","title":"FPGA-Based Low-Power Speech Recognition with Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"FPGA-Based Low-Power Speech Recognition with Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2529096783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2016.48","mag":"2529096783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips.2016.48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2016.48","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449729","display_name":"Minjae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2716-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minjae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057914051","display_name":"Kyuyeon Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyuyeon Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108758586","display_name":"Jin-Hwan Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhwan Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103244076","display_name":"Sung\u2010Wook Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-8798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungwook Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, KR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, KR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705459","display_name":"Sungho Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-7449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113491293","display_name":"Wonyong Sung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonyong Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100449729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.7104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99084366,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"230","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8334231376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7571519017219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.7552610039710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6851449608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.609923779964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.544377326965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5230680108070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.47946155071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4512861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.43919527530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.41979917883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3624560236930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3404346704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.27143800258636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.22067010402679443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8334231376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7571519017219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.7552610039710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6851449608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.609923779964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.544377326965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5230680108070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.47946155071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4512861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.43919527530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.41979917883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3624560236930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3404346704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.27143800258636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.22067010402679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sips.2016.48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sips.2016.48","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W16967297","https://openalex.org/W196214544","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1578856370","https://openalex.org/W1605005685","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W1951742130","https://openalex.org/W1970027940","https://openalex.org/W1985258458","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2013305145","https://openalex.org/W2046932483","https://openalex.org/W2047417997","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2102113734","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2160688560","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2263232528","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2293858598","https://openalex.org/W2464072665","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2962735857","https://openalex.org/W2963211739","https://openalex.org/W2964333985","https://openalex.org/W6600284362","https://openalex.org/W6607974698","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6675365184","https://openalex.org/W6687566353","https://openalex.org/W6718912158","https://openalex.org/W6764273044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160451571","https://openalex.org/W2109916967","https://openalex.org/W2495256954","https://openalex.org/W2950022897","https://openalex.org/W2259317772","https://openalex.org/W2890297197","https://openalex.org/W2101697354","https://openalex.org/W1538193578","https://openalex.org/W3206636855","https://openalex.org/W1538606284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,32,52,76,132],"neural":[4,27],"network":[5],"based":[6,89],"real-time":[7],"speech":[8],"recognition":[9,59],"(SR)":[10],"system":[11,23,49,137],"is":[12,31,42,129],"developed":[13],"using":[14,75,95],"an":[15,124],"FPGA":[16],"for":[17,35,43,101],"very":[18],"low-power":[19],"operation.":[20],"The":[21,48,61,91,107,126],"implemented":[22,94,130],"employs":[24,51],"two":[25],"recurrent":[26],"networks":[28],"(RNNs),":[29],"one":[30],"speech-tocharacter":[33],"RNN":[34],"acoustic":[36],"modeling":[37,46],"(AM)":[38],"and":[39,69,104,135],"the":[40,58,64,66,70,84,120,136],"other":[41],"character-level":[44,67],"language":[45],"(LM).":[47],"also":[50],"statistical":[53],"word-level":[54,71],"LM":[55,72],"to":[56,111,114],"improve":[57],"accuracy.":[60],"results":[62],"of":[63,83,117,123],"AM,":[65],"LM,":[68],"are":[73,93,109],"combined":[74],"fairly":[77],"simple":[78],"N-best":[79],"search":[80],"algorithm":[81,128],"instead":[82],"hidden":[85],"Markov":[86],"model":[87],"(HMM)":[88],"network.":[90],"RNNs":[92],"massively":[96],"parallel":[97],"processing":[98],"elements":[99],"(PEs)":[100],"low":[102],"latency":[103],"high":[105],"throughput.":[106],"weights":[108],"quantized":[110],"6":[112],"bits":[113],"store":[115],"all":[116],"them":[118],"in":[119],"on-chip":[121],"memory":[122],"FPGA.":[125],"proposed":[127],"on":[131],"Xilinx":[133],"XC7Z045,":[134],"can":[138],"operate":[139],"much":[140],"faster":[141],"than":[142],"real-time.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
