{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131821426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714","title":"Image Resolution Enhancement Using Time-of-Flight-Based Backscatter Rejection in Compton Camera","display_name":"Image Resolution Enhancement Using Time-of-Flight-Based Backscatter Rejection in Compton Camera","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131821426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100537719","display_name":"Yosuke Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5180-2726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosuke Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016637","display_name":"Koki Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-4526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011480847","display_name":"Agus Nur Rachman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-6767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agus Nur Rachman","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research and Innovation Agency,Jakarta,Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research and Innovation Agency,Jakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024740177","display_name":"Tadashi Orita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Orita","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024222000","display_name":"Mizuki Uenomachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-2756"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mizuki Uenomachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069006435","display_name":"Hideki Tomita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-6001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideki Tomita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127409812","display_name":"Yusuke Tamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Tamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086893549","display_name":"K. Kamada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Kamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127173325","display_name":"Fumihiko Ishida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10520737","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvka613","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10520737","https://openalex.org/I4210120810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802083021","display_name":"Toyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6k3w63","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802083021"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumihiko Ishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyama College,National Institute of Technology,Toyama,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyama College,National Institute of Technology,Toyama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802083021","https://openalex.org/I10520737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019618669","display_name":"Eiji Takada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10520737","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvka613","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10520737","https://openalex.org/I4210120810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802083021","display_name":"Toyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6k3w63","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802083021"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiji Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyama College,National Institute of Technology,Toyama,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyama College,National Institute of Technology,Toyama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802083021","https://openalex.org/I10520737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049719418","display_name":"Jun Kawarabayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-2192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185088104","display_name":"Tokyo City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dt6bw53","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185088104"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Kawarabayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo City University,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo City University,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185088104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127116543","display_name":"Kosuke Tanabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76259142","display_name":"National Research Institute of Police Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9ek587","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Tanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute of Police Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Police Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127344174","display_name":"Ken'Ichi Tsuchiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76259142","display_name":"National Research Institute of Police Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9ek587","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken'Ichi Tsuchiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute of Police Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Police Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030815105","display_name":"Hanwool Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8586-4304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116465919","display_name":"Kogakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wc2tq75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanwool Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kogakuin University,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogakuin University,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127334919","display_name":"Kenji Shimazoe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Shimazoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31505134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"942","last_page":"947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.28290000557899475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.28290000557899475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.21930000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.08869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6292999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-resolution","display_name":"Angular resolution (graph drawing)","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coincidence","display_name":"Coincidence","score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compton-scattering","display_name":"Compton scattering","score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4401000142097473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6292999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133848361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764027","display_name":"Angular resolution (graph drawing)","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308809","display_name":"Coincidence","level":3,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61203554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171516","display_name":"Compton scattering","level":3,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775853353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416724","display_name":"Event reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159484563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628723","display_name":"Dead time","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii64115.2026.11404714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.45323747396469116,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022839208","https://openalex.org/W2057229088","https://openalex.org/W2090610995","https://openalex.org/W2138047215","https://openalex.org/W2917236264","https://openalex.org/W3011383969","https://openalex.org/W3047394155","https://openalex.org/W3165989183","https://openalex.org/W3167554241","https://openalex.org/W3203515284","https://openalex.org/W3208620022","https://openalex.org/W4205816119","https://openalex.org/W4362675520","https://openalex.org/W4386898335","https://openalex.org/W4402659398","https://openalex.org/W4405787406"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,139],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,37,73,78],"technique":[4],"to":[5,42,60,85],"enhance":[6],"Compton":[7,22,44,149],"camera":[8],"imaging":[9,23,150],"used":[10],"for":[11,99,147],"radioactive":[12],"source":[13],"localization":[14],"in":[15,21],"security":[16],"applications.":[17],"A":[18],"key":[19],"issue":[20],"is":[24],"\"backscattering":[25],"events,\"":[26],"where":[27],"gamma-ray":[28],"interactions":[29],"are":[30,93],"misordered\u2014such":[31],"as":[32,143],"when":[33],"the":[34,40,53,56,62,115,123],"absorber":[35],"records":[36],"hit":[38],"before":[39],"scatterer\u2014leading":[41],"incorrect":[43],"cone":[45],"reconstruction":[46],"and":[47,72,104],"image":[48],"artifacts.":[49],"To":[50],"address":[51],"this,":[52],"research":[54],"applies":[55],"Time-of-Flight":[57],"(TOF)":[58],"principle":[59],"determine":[61],"correct":[63],"interaction":[64,89],"sequence.A":[65],"detector":[66],"system":[67],"comprising":[68],"GFAG":[69],"scintillators,":[70],"SiPMs,":[71],"custom":[74],"ASIC/DAQ":[75],"setup":[76],"achieves":[77],"296":[79],"ps":[80],"coincidence":[81],"time":[82],"resolution,":[83],"sufficient":[84],"resolve":[86],"4.4":[87],"cm-scale":[88],"order.":[90],"TOF":[91,141],"values":[92],"calculated":[94],"per":[95],"event":[96],"after":[97],"correcting":[98],"systematic":[100],"effects,":[101],"allowing":[102],"identification":[103],"rejection":[105],"of":[106,131],"backscattering":[107],"events.":[108],"Applying":[109],"this":[110],"TOF-based":[111],"filtering":[112,142],"significantly":[113],"improves":[114],"signal-to-noise":[116],"ratio.":[117],"The":[118],"resulting":[119],"data,":[120],"processed":[121],"with":[122,136],"MLEM":[124],"algorithm,":[125],"yields":[126],"an":[127,144],"angular":[128],"resolution":[129],"(ARM)":[130],"13.3\u00b0\u201316.5\u00b0":[132],"(FWHM),":[133],"aligning":[134],"well":[135],"Geant4":[137],"simulations.":[138],"demonstrates":[140],"effective":[145],"method":[146],"enhancing":[148],"quality.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-28T00:00:00"}