{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046435747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","title":"Wearable dummy to simulate joint impairment: severity-based assessment of simulated spasticity of knee joint","display_name":"Wearable dummy to simulate joint impairment: severity-based assessment of simulated spasticity of knee joint","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046435747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","mag":"2046435747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112747529","display_name":"Shun Ishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6407-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029156864","display_name":"Shogo Okamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-7734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shogo Okamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054023326","display_name":"Kaoru Isogai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800456939","display_name":"Tokoha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mq68c95","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800456939"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaoru Isogai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800456939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068710261","display_name":"Yasuhiro Akiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Akiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084694836","display_name":"Naomi Yanagihara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi Yanagihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003234718","display_name":"Yoji Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-2030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoji Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Sci. & Eng., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":null,"first_page":"300","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"Spasticity","score":0.9046233892440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7243288159370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7137231826782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"Knee Joint","score":0.5298975110054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-ashworth-scale","display_name":"Modified Ashworth scale","score":0.494524210691452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4675302505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.4561450183391571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32007119059562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3081156313419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1472983956336975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779012798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117060","display_name":"Spasticity","level":2,"score":0.9046233892440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7243288159370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7137231826782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908736133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37425","display_name":"Knee Joint","level":2,"score":0.5298975110054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098821","display_name":"Modified Ashworth scale","level":3,"score":0.494524210691452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4675302505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4561450183391571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32007119059562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3081156313419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1472983956336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545973750","https://openalex.org/W1999687049","https://openalex.org/W2013505790","https://openalex.org/W2078724959","https://openalex.org/W2102924247","https://openalex.org/W2106104771","https://openalex.org/W2114866171","https://openalex.org/W2130873978","https://openalex.org/W2135099201","https://openalex.org/W2153185613","https://openalex.org/W2162165119","https://openalex.org/W2165695839","https://openalex.org/W2827947870","https://openalex.org/W2872236726","https://openalex.org/W6632630227","https://openalex.org/W6683783576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195603049","https://openalex.org/W1965760488","https://openalex.org/W1965736365","https://openalex.org/W4205502267","https://openalex.org/W2098927834","https://openalex.org/W1992963123","https://openalex.org/W2909869969","https://openalex.org/W3012706727","https://openalex.org/W1976303826","https://openalex.org/W2005687348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"therapists":[1,26,82,107],"master":[2],"manual":[3],"examination":[4],"techniques":[5],"for":[6,36,65,105],"testing":[7],"impaired":[8],"motor":[9],"functions.":[10],"We":[11,49],"used":[12,45,71],"a":[13,33,37],"wearable":[14],"robotic":[15],"dummy":[16,42],"joint":[17,21,43,93,116],"that":[18,68,84,98],"simulated":[19,52],"disordered":[20],"resistances":[22],"to":[23,46],"help":[24,109],"physical":[25,73,81,106],"learn":[27,111],"such":[28],"techniques.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"developed":[32],"resistance":[34,117],"model":[35,54,86],"spasticity":[38,53,66,120],"joint,":[39],"and":[40],"the":[41,51,85,100,112],"was":[44],"present":[47],"it.":[48],"assessed":[50],"using":[55,99],"Modified":[56],"Ashworth":[57],"Scale":[58],"(MAS),":[59],"which":[60],"is":[61,69,96],"an":[62],"evaluation":[63],"criterion":[64],"seriousness":[67],"widely":[70],"by":[72,119],"therapists.":[74],"The":[75],"results":[76],"of":[77,91,115,124],"experiments":[78],"involving":[79],"two":[80],"showed":[83],"accurately":[87],"expressed":[88],"mild-to-severe":[89],"symptoms":[90],"knee":[92],"spasticity.":[94],"It":[95],"expected":[97],"system":[101],"in":[102],"educational":[103],"institutions":[104],"will":[108],"students":[110],"typical":[113],"levels":[114],"caused":[118],"with":[121],"different":[122],"degrees":[123],"severity.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}