{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971791975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","title":"Applying GM(h,N) to discuss the enrollment drops in universities","display_name":"Applying GM(h,N) to discuss the enrollment drops in universities","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971791975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","mag":"1971791975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057280","display_name":"Yu-Lung Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5971364","display_name":"Chienkuo Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahb7r80","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Lung Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, ChangHua, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, ChangHua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082839854","display_name":"Yang-Fang Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5971364","display_name":"Chienkuo Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahb7r80","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Fang Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Education, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","Dept. of Gen. Educ., Chienkuo Technol. Univ., Changhua, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Education, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Gen. Educ., Chienkuo Technol. Univ., Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002186753","display_name":"Shu-Chen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-7711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Chen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for General Education, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","Center for General Education; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for General Education, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for General Education; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003134614","display_name":"Wei-Ling Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5971364","display_name":"Chienkuo Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahb7r80","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Education, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","Dept. of Gen. Educ., Chienkuo Technol. Univ., Changhua, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Education, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Gen. Educ., Chienkuo Technol. Univ., Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075057280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5971364"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11394783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"563","last_page":"567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14369","display_name":"Diverse Interdisciplinary Research Innovations","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14262","display_name":"Extenics and Innovation Methods","score":0.9047999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falling","display_name":"Falling (accident)","score":0.6032564043998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.551523745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.47359564900398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.43021491169929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.42165786027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.41531237959861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-rate","display_name":"Birth rate","score":0.41339921951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4107332229614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.39447200298309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.3937276005744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.36402279138565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3545592427253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30948740243911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27236783504486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2617184519767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.20097622275352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1993502974510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14863404631614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.14400511980056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-methodology","display_name":"Research methodology","score":0.08529087901115417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.6032564043998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.551523745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.47359564900398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.43021491169929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.42165786027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41531237959861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37512671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203516","display_name":"Birth rate","level":4,"score":0.41339921951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4107332229614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.39447200298309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3937276005744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36402279138565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3545592427253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30948740243911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27236783504486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2617184519767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20097622275352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1993502974510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14863404631614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14400511980056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.08529087901115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2012.6427278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321531","display_name":"Chienkuo Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahb7r80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2643964147","https://openalex.org/W2754509620","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6686563384","https://openalex.org/W6744080151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380390437","https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2375879481","https://openalex.org/W2379499042","https://openalex.org/W2085030793","https://openalex.org/W2379042346","https://openalex.org/W2358108624","https://openalex.org/W4285294884","https://openalex.org/W2355752246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,6,10,16,20,28,34,42,45,48,52,55,62,73,77,79,90,95,101,116,121,129,135,143,147,152,156],"past":[2,91],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"under":[5],"double":[7],"impact":[8,35,57,145,149],"of":[9,13,36,54,64,68,76,81,137,155],"increasing":[11],"numbers":[12,67,75,136,154],"universities":[14],"and":[15,70,84],"falling":[17],"birth":[18,30,74,153],"rate,":[19],"enrollment":[21,38],"drops":[22],"have":[23],"struck":[24],"many":[25],"universities.":[26,167],"Plus,":[27],"lower":[29],"rate":[31],"results":[32],"in":[33,89,100,166],"universities'":[37],"shortfall.":[39],"Based":[40],"on":[41],"questions":[43],"above,":[44],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"method":[49,124],"to":[50,93,111,127,163],"find":[51],"reasons":[53],"main":[56],"factor.":[58],"First,":[59],"we":[60],"collect":[61],"factors":[63],"total":[65],"admission":[66],"technological":[69],"vocational":[71],"colleges,":[72],"year,":[78],"number":[80],"primary":[82],"school":[83,87,140],"junior":[85,138],"high":[86,139],"graduates":[88,141],"decade":[92],"do":[94],"GM(h,N)":[96],"weighting":[97],"analysis":[98],"model":[99],"grey":[102],"system":[103],"theory.":[104],"By":[105],"doing":[106],"this,":[107],"it":[108,159],"is":[109,125,151],"able":[110],"understand":[112],"which":[113],"factor":[114,150],"has":[115,142],"greatest":[117,144],"correlation":[118],"degree.":[119],"Then":[120],"traditional":[122],"regression":[123],"used":[126],"verify":[128],"data.":[130],"The":[131],"result":[132],"shows":[133],"that":[134],"while":[146],"least":[148],"year":[157],"because":[158],"takes":[160],"18":[161],"years":[162],"be":[164],"enrolled":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}