{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1916578673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","title":"Handwritten recognition with multiple classifiers for restricted lexicon","display_name":"Handwritten recognition with multiple classifiers for restricted lexicon","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1916578673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","mag":"1916578673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 17th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000601364","display_name":"J.J. de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-3893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41455075","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/00eftnx64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155391","display_name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/04p280284","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155391"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.J. de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia El\u00e9trica, UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","Coordenacao de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica, Univ. Fed. de Campina Grande, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia El\u00e9trica, UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordenacao de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica, Univ. Fed. de Campina Grande, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065203941","display_name":"Marcelo N. Kapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-8641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41455075","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/00eftnx64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.N. Kapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil","UFCG Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil","PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UFCG Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025126119","display_name":"Cinthia Obladen de Almendra Freitas\u200d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.O.A. Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUCPR - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015613222","display_name":"J.M. de Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-7804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41455075","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/00eftnx64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M. de Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia El\u00e9trica, UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","UGCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia El\u00e9trica, UFCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UGCG - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340083","display_name":"Robert Sabourin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sabourin","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9ts - Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","ETS-Ecole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9ts - Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETS-Ecole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000601364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41455075","https://openalex.org/I4210155391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86421868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7971935272216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7264999151229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7242901921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.717816948890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6431001424789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.55321204662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5267994999885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.4775075316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.4552411735057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.44736504554748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4400758445262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4395568072795868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4180077016353607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.3590179681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3556938171386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.3078225553035736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7971935272216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7264999151229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7242901921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.717816948890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6431001424789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.55321204662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5267994999885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.4775075316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.4552411735057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.44736504554748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4400758445262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4395568072795868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4180077016353607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.3590179681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3556938171386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.3078225553035736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sibgra.2004.1352947","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 17th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108753997","https://openalex.org/W1575739010","https://openalex.org/W1595901008","https://openalex.org/W1850881749","https://openalex.org/W1977304445","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2127486127","https://openalex.org/W2149319679","https://openalex.org/W2155793192","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2165313956","https://openalex.org/W2170824754","https://openalex.org/W2244624726","https://openalex.org/W6685116447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2891374022","https://openalex.org/W4383503016","https://openalex.org/W4379619998","https://openalex.org/W2584088274","https://openalex.org/W4206266975","https://openalex.org/W4398756423","https://openalex.org/W2590218447","https://openalex.org/W2682989974","https://openalex.org/W2122120008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,34,75],"multiple":[4,76],"classifier":[5,77,97,102],"system":[6],"applied":[7],"to":[8,18,98],"the":[9,20,42,45,50,57,94,101],"handwritten":[10,47],"word":[11],"recognition":[12,43,87],"(HWR)":[13],"problem.":[14],"The":[15,38,52,86],"goal":[16],"is":[17,41,79],"analyse":[19],"influence":[21],"of":[22,44,49,56,60],"different":[23,62],"global":[24],"classifiers":[25],"taken":[26],"in":[27,33],"isolation":[28],"as":[29,31],"well":[30],"combined":[32],"particular":[35],"HWR":[36],"task.":[37],"application":[39],"proposed":[40],"Portuguese":[46],"names":[48],"months.":[51],"strategy":[53],"takes":[54],"advantage":[55],"complementary":[58],"mechanisms":[59],"three":[61],"classifiers:":[63],"conventional":[64],"neural":[65,68],"network,":[66],"class-modular":[67],"network":[69],"and":[70],"hidden":[71],"Markov":[72],"models,":[73],"yielding":[74],"that":[78],"more":[80],"efficient":[81],"than":[82],"either":[83],"individual":[84],"technique.":[85],"rates":[88],"obtained":[89],"vary":[90],"from":[91],"75.9%":[92],"using":[93],"standalone":[95],"HMM":[96],"96.0%":[99],"considering":[100],"combination.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}