{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402897270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596","title":"Estimating the Difficulty of Programming Problems Using Fine-tuned LLM","display_name":"Estimating the Difficulty of Programming Problems Using Fine-tuned LLM","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402897270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/ACIS 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107622938","display_name":"Chihiro Yoshida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"Osaka University","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chihiro Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112255225","display_name":"Makoto Matsushita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"Osaka University","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Matsushita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024065727","display_name":"Yoshiki Higo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"Osaka University","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiki Higo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107622938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64851533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"28","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.620199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.620199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13344","display_name":"Industrial Automation and Control Systems","score":0.527400016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.5239999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6865243911743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.36477380990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34905198216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15446564555168152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865243911743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.36477380990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34905198216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15446564555168152}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sera61261.2024.10685596","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/ACIS 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032454342","https://openalex.org/W2911295267","https://openalex.org/W4312440610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"many":[1],"competitive":[2],"programming":[3,41,45],"contests":[4,9],"have":[5],"been":[6],"held.":[7],"These":[8],"are":[10],"composed":[11],"of":[12,15,19,50,105,137,166,178],"several":[13],"problems":[14,26,107],"a":[16,51,56,83,141,143],"wide":[17],"range":[18],"difficulty":[20,48,64,88,104,138,153],"levels.":[21],"Novice":[22],"programmers":[23],"must":[24],"approach":[25],"based":[27,66],"on":[28,67,125],"their":[29],"experience":[30],"and":[31,37,94,118,151,185],"levels":[32,65,72],"to":[33,39,85,101,133],"avoid":[34],"losing":[35],"confidence":[36],"motivation":[38],"learn":[40],"skills.":[42],"In":[43,162],"some":[44],"contests,":[46],"the":[47,87,91,103,106,115,126,135,155,159,164,167,179],"level":[49,89],"problem":[52,92,116,149,156,171,183],"is":[53],"given":[54],"as":[55],"numerical":[57],"value.":[58],"However,":[59],"each":[60],"contest":[61,77],"site":[62],"assigns":[63],"its":[68],"criteria,":[69],"making":[70],"comparing":[71],"among":[73],"two":[74],"or":[75],"more":[76],"sites":[78],"impossible.":[79],"This":[80],"study":[81],"proposes":[82],"method":[84],"estimate":[86,102],"from":[90,154],"description":[93,157],"example":[95,119,186],"solution":[96],"information.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"we":[99],"attempted":[100],"using":[108],"GPT-3.5":[109,128],"Turbo,":[110],"which":[111],"was":[112,123,146,174],"fine-tuned":[113,127,147,169,181],"with":[114,148,170,182],"descriptions":[117,150,172,184],"solutions.":[120,187],"The":[121],"experiment":[122],"conducted":[124],"Turbo":[129],"under":[130],"five":[131],"conditions":[132],"evaluate":[134],"performance":[136,165],"estimation.":[139],"As":[140],"result,":[142],"model":[144,168,180],"that":[145,177],"estimated":[152],"had":[158],"best":[160],"performance.":[161],"addition,":[163],"only":[173],"better":[175],"than":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}