{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405491484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053","title":"Development of a Portable Optical Sensor for Low-Concentration Copper Sulfate Detection in Water","display_name":"Development of a Portable Optical Sensor for Low-Concentration Copper Sulfate Detection in Water","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405491484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996636","display_name":"Yu-Chen Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9022-1918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chen Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090230802","display_name":"Ciao-Ming Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-1501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciao-Ming Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Power Mech. Eng.,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Power Mech. Eng.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073190438","display_name":"Wei-Yi Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yi Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zong-Yi Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong-Yi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025775472","display_name":"Weileun Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weileun Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044538955","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Hao Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hao Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Power Mech. Eng.,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Power Mech. Eng.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101996636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24092616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"Copper","score":0.6962808966636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-sensing","display_name":"Optical sensing","score":0.5077806115150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate","display_name":"Sulfate","score":0.44321325421333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34898048639297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34393391013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.31981992721557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.1193651556968689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.6962808966636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Optical sensing","level":2,"score":0.5077806115150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.44321325421333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34898048639297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34393391013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.31981992721557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1193651556968689}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970295198","https://openalex.org/W2056348388","https://openalex.org/W2143246253","https://openalex.org/W2557527825","https://openalex.org/W2977091398","https://openalex.org/W3091168368","https://openalex.org/W3118885513","https://openalex.org/W3184310525","https://openalex.org/W3189906839","https://openalex.org/W3214958002","https://openalex.org/W4310798769","https://openalex.org/W4396575092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4404995717","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W4404725684","https://openalex.org/W2805339068","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W4404385369","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"spectrophotometry":[1],"is":[2,100,108,116],"the":[3,16,20,38,82,92,97,105,114],"dominant":[4],"detection":[5,61,98],"method":[6],"in":[7,23,62],"semiconductor":[8],"industrial":[9],"manufacturing":[10],"and":[11,32,104],"environmental":[12],"pollution":[13],"investigation.":[14],"However,":[15],"complex":[17],"design":[18],"of":[19,41,96,122],"optical":[21,50],"structure":[22],"existing":[24],"water":[25,59],"quality":[26,60],"systems":[27],"makes":[28],"these":[29],"machines":[30],"bulky":[31],"requires":[33],"large":[34],"sample":[35],"volumes,":[36],"preventing":[37],"widespread":[39],"adoption":[40],"lowconcentration":[42],"solution":[43],"detection.":[44,69],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47,63],"issue,":[48],"an":[49],"sensor":[51],"with":[52],"a":[53],"chip-based":[54],"Micro-Spectrometer":[55],"was":[56],"designed":[57],"for":[58,66,118],"study,":[64],"specifically":[65],"copper":[67,123],"sulfate":[68],"The":[70],"developed":[71],"device":[72,115],"can":[73],"detect":[74],"concentrations":[75,121],"ranging":[76],"from":[77],"2.5%":[78],"to":[79],"0.04%,":[80],"covering":[81],"human":[83],"lethal":[84],"dose":[85],"(500":[86],"ppm).":[87],"Experimental":[88],"results":[89],"show":[90],"that":[91,113],"R<sup":[93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[95],"line":[99],"higher":[101],"than":[102,110],"0.98,":[103],"CV":[106],"value":[107],"less":[109],"5%,":[111],"indicating":[112],"suitable":[117],"detecting":[119],"low":[120],"sulfate.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
