{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111854233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","title":"Effect of Excitation Signal Frequency on the Electrical Response of a MWCNT/HEC Composite Based Humidity Sensor","display_name":"Effect of Excitation Signal Frequency on the Electrical Response of a MWCNT/HEC Composite Based Humidity Sensor","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111854233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","mag":"3111854233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067572040","display_name":"Zhang Xingzhe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033007222","display_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-8779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074986684","display_name":"A. K. Bose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnesh K. Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068600968","display_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101964767","display_name":"John D. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-7758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103942015","display_name":"Michael F. Mitchell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060873201","display_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067572040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73323942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8343473672866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.7002896666526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6586651802062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6580098271369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.5545489192008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.5155503749847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.508934497833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.48392564058303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4423273801803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"Relative humidity","score":0.4403291940689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.42775407433509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humidity","display_name":"Humidity","score":0.4234203100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.41977035999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2651374936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.23300668597221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0889618992805481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8343473672866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7002896666526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6586651802062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6580098271369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5545489192008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.5155503749847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.508934497833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.48392564058303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4423273801803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.4403291940689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.42775407433509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.4234203100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.41977035999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2651374936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.23300668597221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0889618992805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972779408","https://openalex.org/W1983306028","https://openalex.org/W1992103482","https://openalex.org/W1997970207","https://openalex.org/W1999307375","https://openalex.org/W2003552035","https://openalex.org/W2004963163","https://openalex.org/W2006040099","https://openalex.org/W2021839698","https://openalex.org/W2022643834","https://openalex.org/W2076659824","https://openalex.org/W2085580199","https://openalex.org/W2092378669","https://openalex.org/W2123352410","https://openalex.org/W2134644445","https://openalex.org/W2140839560","https://openalex.org/W2149656093","https://openalex.org/W2160781647","https://openalex.org/W2171890746","https://openalex.org/W2285663804","https://openalex.org/W2317173646","https://openalex.org/W2321986967","https://openalex.org/W2397454600","https://openalex.org/W2504642052","https://openalex.org/W2768123168","https://openalex.org/W2780082732","https://openalex.org/W2792317967","https://openalex.org/W2898110890","https://openalex.org/W2903231346","https://openalex.org/W2906697272","https://openalex.org/W2935718850","https://openalex.org/W2967493137","https://openalex.org/W2968296742","https://openalex.org/W2969100937","https://openalex.org/W2980606767","https://openalex.org/W2999404065","https://openalex.org/W3014780001","https://openalex.org/W3036034283","https://openalex.org/W6775654606","https://openalex.org/W6780068125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774752550","https://openalex.org/W2013511864","https://openalex.org/W2366365583","https://openalex.org/W1586733611","https://openalex.org/W1642018725","https://openalex.org/W2181379992","https://openalex.org/W4390758803","https://openalex.org/W2298909941","https://openalex.org/W2380249611","https://openalex.org/W2563438029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"printed":[1,54,72],"flexible":[2,61],"humidity":[3,19,92,199],"sensor":[4,30,43,86,200],"based":[5,65],"on":[6,59,73],"multi-walled":[7],"carbon":[8],"nanotubes":[9],"(MWCNT)":[10],"and":[11,26,81,105,127,133,154,160,194],"hydroxyethyl":[12],"cellulose":[13],"(HEC)":[14],"composite":[15,51],"was":[16,31,52,87,119,140,167,186],"fabricated":[17],"for":[18,40,89,106,125,190],"sensing":[20,57,77],"applications.":[21],"The":[22,49,79,176],"electrical":[23],"response":[24,129,156],"(resistance":[25],"impedance)":[27],"of":[28,36,47,75,84,102,197],"the":[29,42,56,76,85,122,136,163,180,187,192,198],"investigated":[32],"as":[33,55,135,162],"a":[34,60],"function":[35],"excitation":[37,108,137,164,183],"signal":[38,109,138,165,184],"frequency":[39,139,166,185,189],"optimizing":[41],"performance,":[44],"in":[45,100,152],"terms":[46],"sensitivity.":[48],"MWCNT/HEC":[50],"gravure":[53],"layer":[58],"polyimide":[62],"substrate.":[63],"Silver":[64],"interdigitated":[66],"electrodes":[67],"(IDEs)":[68],"were":[69],"then":[70],"screen":[71],"top":[74],"layer.":[78],"resistance":[80,126,153],"impedance":[82,128,155,195],"responses":[83,196],"measured":[88],"varying":[90],"relative":[91],"(RH)":[93],"(20%":[94],"RH":[95],"to":[96,115,145,172,201],"60%":[97],"RH,":[98],"increased":[99,141,157,168],"steps":[101],"10%":[103],"RH))":[104],"different":[107],"frequencies":[110],"ranging":[111],"from":[112,142,169],"0.1":[113,143,170],"kHz":[114,144,171,182],"80":[116,146,173],"kHz.":[117],"It":[118],"observed":[120],"that":[121,179],"overall":[123],"sensitivity":[124,204],"decreased":[130],"by":[131,158],"79%":[132],"60%,":[134],"kHz,":[147,174],"respectively.":[148,175],"In":[149],"addition,":[150],"variations":[151],"70%":[159],"63%":[161],"results":[177],"demonstrated":[178],"1":[181],"optimum":[188],"measuring":[191],"resistive":[193],"obtain":[202],"high":[203,206],"with":[205],"repeatability.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}