{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200416453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611","title":"Design of optical waveguide channels for 3D distributed tactile sensing","display_name":"Design of optical waveguide channels for 3D distributed tactile sensing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200416453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605007","display_name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074152938","display_name":"Federica De Chiara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica De Chiara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101647714","display_name":"Jian Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751091","display_name":"Stephen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies R&D UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies R&D UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055384539","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-0180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies R&D UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies R&D UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004659892","display_name":"Hongbin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactile-sensor","display_name":"Tactile sensor","score":0.69398033618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6765086650848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.619042694568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5803806185722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5594298839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.49663954973220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4818221628665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.436097115278244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.36295202374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34364238381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16098904609680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15589606761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12178698182106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08612996339797974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46722567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7674139","display_name":"Tactile sensor","level":3,"score":0.69398033618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6765086650848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.619042694568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5803806185722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5594298839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.49663954973220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4818221628665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.436097115278244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.36295202374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34364238381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16098904609680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15589606761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12178698182106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08612996339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605007","display_name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/93a6da39-a7a3-4c87-bbac-66f659439c1f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123637418&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chiara, F D, Hu, J, Wang, S, Wang, R & Liu, H 2021, 'Design of optical waveguide channels for 3D distributed tactile sensing', Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, vol. 2021-October. https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639611","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1094789273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N020421/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983156320","https://openalex.org/W2008126267","https://openalex.org/W2041437888","https://openalex.org/W2054854590","https://openalex.org/W2111417878","https://openalex.org/W2133066598","https://openalex.org/W2462708931","https://openalex.org/W2585610283","https://openalex.org/W2607241646","https://openalex.org/W2620234809","https://openalex.org/W2770901093","https://openalex.org/W2790586936","https://openalex.org/W2892010946","https://openalex.org/W2908821612","https://openalex.org/W2943963641","https://openalex.org/W2963263790","https://openalex.org/W2967434365","https://openalex.org/W3100674903","https://openalex.org/W4256064787","https://openalex.org/W6748730781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W64588465","https://openalex.org/W3120641340","https://openalex.org/W2117825986","https://openalex.org/W3134067061","https://openalex.org/W2079855347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-spatial":[0],"density":[1,25],"tactile":[2,16,26],"arrays":[3],"equipped":[4],"on":[5,28,57,66],"3D":[6,30],"surfaces":[7],"are":[8,124],"highly":[9],"desirable":[10],"in":[11,93],"various":[12],"applications.":[13],"However,":[14],"current":[15],"sensing":[17,27,114,130],"solutions":[18],"lack":[19],"the":[20,37,58,78,82,96,128],"ability":[21],"to":[22,76,98,106,111,126],"provide":[23],"high":[24],"a":[29,53,67,102],"surface":[31],"and,":[32],"at":[33],"same":[34],"time,":[35],"satisfying":[36],"need":[38],"of":[39,81],"simple":[40],"manufacturing":[41,72],"and":[42,71,121],"low":[43],"cost.":[44],"To":[45],"deal":[46],"with":[47,116],"these":[48],"challenges,":[49],"this":[50],"paper":[51],"proposes":[52],"sensor":[54],"array":[55],"based":[56],"light":[59,79,97],"transmission":[60,80],"through":[61],"polymer":[62],"waveguide":[63],"branches":[64],"fabricated":[65],"rigid":[68],"substrate.":[69],"Materials":[70],"methods":[73],"were":[74],"selected":[75],"maximize":[77],"device.":[83],"The":[84],"characteristic":[85],"channel":[86,105],"structure":[87],"made":[88],"by":[89],"several":[90],"splitters":[91],"connected":[92],"cascade":[94],"allows":[95],"be":[99],"transmitted":[100],"from":[101],"single":[103],"input":[104],"eight":[107,112],"output":[108],"channels,":[109],"corresponding":[110],"independent":[113],"elements":[115],"similar":[117],"force":[118],"response.":[119],"Simulation":[120],"experimental":[122],"results":[123],"presented":[125,129],"validate":[127],"principle.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}