{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998885608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","title":"Wireless Sensor Network Utilizing Flexible Nitrate Sensors for Smart Farming","display_name":"Wireless Sensor Network Utilizing Flexible Nitrate Sensors for Smart Farming","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998885608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","mag":"2998885608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102963428","display_name":"Xiaofan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071353010","display_name":"Jose Waimin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-1817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Fernando Waimin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Material Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Material Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035825416","display_name":"Hongjie Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-704X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjie Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012699875","display_name":"Charilaos Mousoulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-0974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charilaos Mousoulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069716082","display_name":"Nithin Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-6742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nithin Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090973201","display_name":"Rahim Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-782X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Material Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Material Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073681876","display_name":"Dimitrios Peroulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-1653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Peroulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA,47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102963428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80204883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7265817523002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5416231155395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5160245895385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5074059367179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5064355134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4304938316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4300300180912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42424729466438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3973091244697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2366521656513214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12174436450004578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7265817523002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5416231155395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5160245895385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5074059367179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5064355134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4304938316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4300300180912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42424729466438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3973091244697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2366521656513214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12174436450004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971820557","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2003913032","https://openalex.org/W2030774683","https://openalex.org/W2046333037","https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2740142727","https://openalex.org/W2801021108","https://openalex.org/W2810801366","https://openalex.org/W2944737843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3133147449","https://openalex.org/W1901143057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"Farming":[1],"represents":[2],"the":[3,63,66,70,109,123],"application":[4],"of":[5,69],"modern":[6],"IoT":[7],"networks":[8],"into":[9,108],"agriculture,":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,117],"what":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"called":[16],"a":[17,24,30,43,86],"Third":[18],"Green":[19],"Revolution.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"describes":[23],"fully":[25],"customized":[26],"hardware":[27,91],"platform,":[28],"with":[29,82],"novel":[31],"network":[32,52,58,71],"structure":[33,59],"enabled":[34],"by":[35,74,94],"LoRa":[36,67],"and":[37,47,65,105,120],"ANT":[38],"radios,":[39],"that":[40],"aims":[41],"for":[42,53],"low-cost,":[44],"low":[45],"power":[46],"long":[48],"range":[49],"wireless":[50],"sensor":[51],"smart":[54],"farming.":[55],"The":[56,90,111],"hybrid":[57],"was":[60,72,92],"demonstrated":[61],"in":[62],"Lab":[64],"portion":[68],"tested":[73,93],"deploying":[75],"four":[76],"modules":[77],"across":[78],"an":[79],"agricultural":[80],"site,":[81],"data":[83,112],"collected":[84,113],"over":[85],"six":[87],"months":[88],"period.":[89],"integrating":[95],"fabricated":[96],"nitrate":[97],"sensors":[98,107],"as":[99,101],"well":[100],"commercially":[102],"available":[103],"soil":[104],"temperature":[106],"modules.":[110],"were":[114],"made":[115],"accessible":[116],"both":[118],"researchers":[119],"farmers":[121],"through":[122],"cloud.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}