{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386952771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769","title":"Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Serious Games for Cerebral Visual Impairment","display_name":"Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Serious Games for Cerebral Visual Impairment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386952771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/bd426a3c-3f07-4914-8568-2d7c7be7de20","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062994135","display_name":"Katar\u00edna Kostkov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarina Kostkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); imec,Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO),Brussels,Belgium","imec, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); imec,Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO),Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023777692","display_name":"Nofar Ben Itzhak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-034X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nofar Ben Itzhak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leuven (KU Leuven); KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute (L-C&#x0026;Y),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leuven (KU Leuven); KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute (L-C&#x0026;Y),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092622088","display_name":"Lieselot Stijnen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieselot Stijnen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leuven (KU Leuven),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leuven (KU Leuven),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053399228","display_name":"Els Ortibus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-4408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Els Ortibus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leuven (KU Leuven); KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute (L-C&#x0026;Y),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leuven (KU Leuven); KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute (L-C&#x0026;Y),Department of Development and Regeneration,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059882142","display_name":"Bart Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-6834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); imec,Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO),Brussels,Belgium","imec, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); imec,Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO),Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65842637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serious-game","display_name":"Serious game","score":0.7298502922058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"Visual impairment","score":0.6591200232505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.5826230049133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5753808617591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.5351942777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5315333008766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.49723055958747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4812304973602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.443880558013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.4313638210296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.422531396150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3864554166793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.2645720839500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.25397375226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22156491875648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2097204327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.08895894885063171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018769082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506693","display_name":"Serious game","level":2,"score":0.7298502922058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781372952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visual impairment","level":2,"score":0.6591200232505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.5826230049133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5753808617591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.5351942777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5315333008766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.49723055958747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4812304973602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.443880558013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4313638210296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.422531396150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3864554166793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2645720839500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.25397375226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22156491875648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2097204327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08895894885063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/segah57547.2023.10253769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/736501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/736501","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/bd426a3c-3f07-4914-8568-2d7c7be7de20","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 11th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH), GREECE, Athens, 27-30 August 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/736501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/736501","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/bd426a3c-3f07-4914-8568-2d7c7be7de20","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 11th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH), GREECE, Athens, 27-30 August 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1617937911","display_name":"iVision-2 - Game-based adaptive therapy for children with cerebral visual impairment","funder_award_id":"T004920N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386952771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386952771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27261483","https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W887145723","https://openalex.org/W1967163817","https://openalex.org/W1983158846","https://openalex.org/W1992788705","https://openalex.org/W2092650945","https://openalex.org/W2125260829","https://openalex.org/W2395445784","https://openalex.org/W2571515229","https://openalex.org/W2623726563","https://openalex.org/W2734875523","https://openalex.org/W2809452134","https://openalex.org/W2898638632","https://openalex.org/W2944463196","https://openalex.org/W2996897529","https://openalex.org/W3010651366","https://openalex.org/W3128232516","https://openalex.org/W3157773712","https://openalex.org/W3164600720","https://openalex.org/W4200359043","https://openalex.org/W4213053942","https://openalex.org/W4295213466","https://openalex.org/W4296437325","https://openalex.org/W4304140118","https://openalex.org/W6712126036","https://openalex.org/W6809270139","https://openalex.org/W6842802325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109940557","https://openalex.org/W2466832359","https://openalex.org/W4391210591","https://openalex.org/W1582019636","https://openalex.org/W1499005795","https://openalex.org/W3172493050","https://openalex.org/W2291332649","https://openalex.org/W2336054371","https://openalex.org/W2065399079","https://openalex.org/W4206144363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cerebral":[0],"visual":[1,9,35],"impairment":[2,10,36],"(CVI)":[3],"is":[4,51,123,138],"the":[5,38,95,107,112,136,141],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,27,69,135,143],"in":[11,30,48],"developed":[12],"countries.":[13],"No":[14],"treatment":[15],"for":[16,32,60,82,148],"CVI":[17,63,128],"exists":[18],"and":[19,46,64,78],"children":[20,33,61,126,149],"need":[21],"long-term":[22],"individualized":[23],"therapy.":[24],"The":[25,133],"use":[26],"serious":[28,57,80,131],"games":[29,58,81,96],"therapy":[31,146],"with":[34,62,127,150],"has":[37],"potential":[39],"to":[40,65,105,139],"be":[41],"beneficial,":[42],"however,":[43],"integrating":[44],"personalization":[45],"adaptivity":[47],"game-based":[49],"rehabilitation":[50],"crucial.":[52],"There":[53],"are":[54],"very":[55],"few":[56],"designed":[59,77],"author's":[66],"knowledge":[67],"none":[68],"them":[70],"implements":[71],"dynamic":[72],"difficulty":[73,109],"adjustment":[74],"(DDA).":[75],"We":[76],"implemented":[79,99],"high-level":[83],"visuoperceptual":[84],"skills":[85],"(e.g.,":[86],"object":[87],"recognition,":[88],"figure":[89],"ground":[90],"perception,":[91],"etc.)":[92],"training.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"have":[97],"DDA":[98],"using":[100],"a":[101,117],"reinforcement":[102],"learning":[103],"algorithm":[104],"adjust":[106],"game":[108],"based":[110],"on":[111],"child's":[113],"in-game":[114],"performance.":[115],"Currently,":[116],"double-blind":[118],"Randomized":[119],"Controlled":[120],"Trial":[121],"(RCT)":[122],"running,":[124],"where":[125],"play":[129],"our":[130],"games.":[132],"aim":[134],"study":[137],"evaluate":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"an":[144],"adaptive":[145],"approach":[147],"CVI.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
