{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150248082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","title":"Mixminion: design of a type III anonymous remailer protocol","display_name":"Mixminion: design of a type III anonymous remailer protocol","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150248082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","mag":"2150248082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 19th International Conference on Data Engineering (Cat. No.03CH37405)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033480395","display_name":"George Danezis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Danezis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074119993","display_name":"Roger Dingledine","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Dingledine","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Free Haven Project"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Free Haven Project","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023855268","display_name":"Nick Mathewson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Mathewson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Free Haven Project"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Free Haven Project","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033480395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.3797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":671,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99910786,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.884573757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8070203065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directory","display_name":"Directory","score":0.6465510725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5991241931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5604647994041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5441849827766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5264250040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5258669853210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4899567663669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.482820600271225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42111122608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.41884294152259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22641313076019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09511709213256836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.884573757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8070203065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201456","display_name":"Directory","level":2,"score":0.6465510725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5991241931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5604647994041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5441849827766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5264250040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5258669853210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4899567663669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.482820600271225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42111122608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.41884294152259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22641313076019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09511709213256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secpri.2003.1199323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 19th International Conference on Data Engineering (Cat. No.03CH37405)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.107.2563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.107.2563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://packetstormsecurity.org/defcon10/dc10-dingledine-miniondes.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.3111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.3111","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://seul.org/~arma/minion-design.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.2.9814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.9814","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.freehaven.net/anonbib/./cache/minion-design.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.508.6690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.508.6690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-10/dc-10-presentations/dc10-dingledine-miniondes.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.62.2297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.62.2297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mixminion.net/minion-design.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1409355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1409355/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy , 2003-J    pp. 2-15.   (2003)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131462842","https://openalex.org/W300883370","https://openalex.org/W357818548","https://openalex.org/W1490586645","https://openalex.org/W1511198340","https://openalex.org/W1518119787","https://openalex.org/W1551436681","https://openalex.org/W1562199962","https://openalex.org/W1566461722","https://openalex.org/W1569777704","https://openalex.org/W1580004440","https://openalex.org/W1590765731","https://openalex.org/W1604746990","https://openalex.org/W1733713784","https://openalex.org/W1836378862","https://openalex.org/W1866026688","https://openalex.org/W1878594160","https://openalex.org/W1887037345","https://openalex.org/W1894333397","https://openalex.org/W1895422471","https://openalex.org/W1932868796","https://openalex.org/W1963556993","https://openalex.org/W1979797552","https://openalex.org/W2020805258","https://openalex.org/W2026569863","https://openalex.org/W2060764506","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2077300005","https://openalex.org/W2101770573","https://openalex.org/W2102795810","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2116843749","https://openalex.org/W2128735745","https://openalex.org/W2138719936","https://openalex.org/W2143671749","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2225180329","https://openalex.org/W2295017432","https://openalex.org/W2624923838","https://openalex.org/W2944132414","https://openalex.org/W4212768396","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298871085","https://openalex.org/W6628955636","https://openalex.org/W6630649454","https://openalex.org/W6631110596","https://openalex.org/W6635311569","https://openalex.org/W6638773505","https://openalex.org/W6639357053","https://openalex.org/W6675132615","https://openalex.org/W6675853754","https://openalex.org/W6677246457","https://openalex.org/W6679583262","https://openalex.org/W6680479697","https://openalex.org/W6844002623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115906952","https://openalex.org/W3134811395","https://openalex.org/W3155196058","https://openalex.org/W4252960523","https://openalex.org/W1529821365","https://openalex.org/W2135486207","https://openalex.org/W1499611046","https://openalex.org/W3024420453","https://openalex.org/W2388608119","https://openalex.org/W767161385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,33],"present":[1],"Mixminion,":[2],"a":[3,63,79],"message-based":[4],"anonymous":[5],"remailer":[6],"protocol":[7],"with":[8,104],"secure":[9],"single-use":[10,59],"reply":[11,21,26,60],"blocks.":[12],"Mix":[13],"nodes":[14],"cannot":[15],"distinguish":[16],"Mixminion":[17,76],"forward":[18,24,74],"messages":[19,27],"from":[20],"messages,":[22],"so":[23],"and":[25,44,50,90],"share":[28],"the":[29],"same":[30],"anonymity":[31],"set.":[32],"add":[34],"directory":[35],"servers":[36],"that":[37,54],"allow":[38],"users":[39],"to":[40,72],"learn":[41],"public":[42],"keys":[43],"performance":[45],"statistics":[46],"of":[47],"participating":[48],"remailers,":[49],"we":[51],"describe":[52],"nymservers":[53],"provide":[55,73],"long-term":[56],"pseudonyms":[57],"using":[58],"blocks":[61],"as":[62,96,98],"primitive.":[64],"Our":[65],"design":[66,106],"integrates":[67],"link":[68],"encryption":[69],"between":[70,88],"remailers":[71],"anonymity.":[75],"works":[77],"in":[78],"real-world":[80],"Internet":[81],"environment,":[82],"requires":[83],"little":[84],"synchronization":[85],"or":[86,99],"coordination":[87],"nodes,":[89],"protects":[91],"against":[92],"known":[93],"anonymity-breaking":[94],"attacks":[95],"well":[97],"better":[100],"than":[101],"other":[102],"systems":[103],"similar":[105],"parameters.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}