{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186976204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","title":"A Reinforcement Learning based Decision-making System with Aggressive Driving Behavior Consideration for Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"A Reinforcement Learning based Decision-making System with Aggressive Driving Behavior Consideration for Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186976204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","mag":"3186976204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055908274","display_name":"Liuwang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-6465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuwang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064217355","display_name":"Haiying Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-6255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiying Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63137331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8316578269004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.5919971466064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5636383295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.5372338891029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.530460000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47272270917892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggressive-driving","display_name":"Aggressive driving","score":0.4571840465068817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44818755984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.44090741872787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4237663149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3617515563964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.3474408984184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32301777601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29883095622062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.260733425617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0827440619468689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8316578269004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.5919971466064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5636383295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5372338891029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.530460000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47272270917892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778950892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692276","display_name":"Aggressive driving","level":4,"score":0.4571840465068817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44818755984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.44090741872787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4237663149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3617515563964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3474408984184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32301777601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29883095622062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.260733425617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0827440619468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon52354.2021.9491587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2173100031","https://openalex.org/W2176240313","https://openalex.org/W2331435965","https://openalex.org/W2343568200","https://openalex.org/W2484238174","https://openalex.org/W2539417147","https://openalex.org/W2587460705","https://openalex.org/W2741086815","https://openalex.org/W2775333681","https://openalex.org/W2887569897","https://openalex.org/W2910975058","https://openalex.org/W2960357868","https://openalex.org/W2962803570","https://openalex.org/W2962881537","https://openalex.org/W2971842090","https://openalex.org/W2971990773","https://openalex.org/W3034350220","https://openalex.org/W3115648115","https://openalex.org/W4293545785","https://openalex.org/W6685441921","https://openalex.org/W6737893269","https://openalex.org/W6747025782","https://openalex.org/W6779735863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966029215","https://openalex.org/W2358431477","https://openalex.org/W2120925472","https://openalex.org/W2810169173","https://openalex.org/W4319839687","https://openalex.org/W1574478181","https://openalex.org/W4375855151","https://openalex.org/W2146631507","https://openalex.org/W1999720524","https://openalex.org/W1979613648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,15,33,94,126,172,196,217],"fast":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,12,96,121,154,200,212],"autonomous":[5],"vehicle":[6],"(AV)":[7],"technology":[8],"and":[9,26,38,53,170],"possible":[10,147],"popularity":[11],"AVs":[13,25],"in":[14,50,81,214],"near":[16],"future,":[17],"a":[18,41,109,135,160,176,191],"mixed-vehicle":[19],"type":[20],"driving":[21,48,59,68,98,102,119,141,149,166,187],"environment":[22],"where":[23],"both":[24],"their":[27],"surrounding":[28,62,122,152],"human-driving":[29,63,123],"vehicles":[30,64,124,153],"drive":[31],"on":[32,100,164],"same":[34],"road":[35],"will":[36],"exist":[37],"last":[39],"for":[40],"long":[42],"time.":[43],"An":[44],"AV":[45,86],"measures":[46],"its":[47,101],"environments":[49],"real":[51],"time":[52],"make":[54,88,181],"control":[55,90,183,208,229,246],"decisions":[56,91,184],"to":[57,87,92,145,180,205],"ensure":[58],"safety.":[60,103],"However,":[61],"may":[65],"conduct":[66],"aggressive":[67,97,118,140,148,165,186],"behaviors":[69,99,120,150],"(e.g.,":[70],"sudden":[71,73,75],"deceleration,":[72],"acceleration,":[74],"left":[76],"or":[77],"right":[78],"lane":[79],"change)":[80],"practice,":[82],"which":[83,116,239],"requires":[84],"an":[85,155],"correct":[89],"eliminate":[93],"effect":[95],"In":[104,130],"this":[105],"paper,":[106],"we":[107,132],"propose":[108],"reinforcement":[110,177],"learning":[111,178],"based":[112,139,163],"decision-making":[113],"system":[114],"(ReDS)":[115],"considers":[117],"during":[125],"decision":[127,209,230,247],"making":[128],"process.":[129],"ReDS,":[131],"firstly":[133],"build":[134,159],"mixture":[136],"density":[137],"network":[138],"behavior":[142,167],"detection":[143,168],"method":[144],"detect":[146],"among":[151],"AV.":[156],"We":[157,189],"then":[158],"reward":[161,173],"function":[162,174],"results":[169,222],"incorporate":[171],"into":[175],"model":[179],"optimal":[182,207,228,245],"considering":[185],"behaviors.":[188],"use":[190],"real-world":[192],"traffic":[193],"dataset":[194],"from":[195],"United":[197],"States":[198],"Department":[199],"Transportation":[201],"Federal":[202],"Highway":[203],"Administration":[204],"evaluate":[206],"determination":[210,248],"performance":[211],"ReDS":[213,225,242],"comparison":[215,221],"with":[216,236],"state-of-the-art":[218],"methods.":[219],"The":[220],"show":[223],"that":[224,241],"can":[226],"improve":[227],"success":[231],"rate":[232],"by":[233],"43%":[234],"compared":[235],"existing":[237],"methods,":[238],"demonstrates":[240],"has":[243],"good":[244],"performance.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
