{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046965391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","title":"Expressive ASL Recognition using Millimeter-wave Wireless Signals","display_name":"Expressive ASL Recognition using Millimeter-wave Wireless Signals","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046965391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","mag":"3046965391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000679317","display_name":"Panneer Selvam Santhalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4904-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panneer Selvam Santhalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006709853","display_name":"Yuanqi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080764236","display_name":"Riley Wilkerson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riley Wilkerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048475146","display_name":"Al Amin Hosain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al Amin Hosain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727193","display_name":"Ding Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023542938","display_name":"Parth H. Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-002X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parth Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006581225","display_name":"Huzefa Rangwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-0035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huzefa Rangwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084374376","display_name":"Raja Kushalnagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-413X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66108857","display_name":"Gallaudet University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b9aym09","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66108857"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Kushalnagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66108857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000679317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76779774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7800655364990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6382567882537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.6215887069702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torso","display_name":"Torso","score":0.5402071475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5155320167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5101004242897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4674687385559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4581091105937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.44649824500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.41024279594421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3621852397918701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800655364990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6382567882537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.6215887069702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.5402071475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5155320167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5101004242897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4674687385559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4581091105937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.44649824500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.41024279594421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3621852397918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47489740","https://openalex.org/W2016356351","https://openalex.org/W2093217493","https://openalex.org/W2118244636","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2146221819","https://openalex.org/W2250716345","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2471074815","https://openalex.org/W2788495578","https://openalex.org/W2794843057","https://openalex.org/W2948139159","https://openalex.org/W2964253156","https://openalex.org/W2965243934","https://openalex.org/W3106076771","https://openalex.org/W4253468347","https://openalex.org/W6691521962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W2893683540","https://openalex.org/W1986488374","https://openalex.org/W2064351213","https://openalex.org/W2089405242","https://openalex.org/W2004685257","https://openalex.org/W2954293526","https://openalex.org/W1977288663","https://openalex.org/W2115068291","https://openalex.org/W3010360921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"half":[1],"a":[2,61,100,138,166],"million":[3],"people":[4],"in":[5],"the":[6,91],"United":[7],"States":[8],"use":[9],"American":[10],"Sign":[11],"Language":[12],"(ASL)":[13],"as":[14,42,44],"their":[15],"primary":[16],"mode":[17],"of":[18,28,67,170,175,183],"communication.":[19],"Automatic":[20],"ASL":[21,41,53,68,102,163],"recognition":[22,54,66,103],"would":[23],"enable":[24],"Deaf":[25],"and":[26,81,84,88,115,119,130,177],"Hard":[27],"Hearing":[29],"(DHH)":[30],"users":[31],"to":[32,65,90,126],"interact":[33],"with":[34,40,165,180],"others":[35],"who":[36],"are":[37,75],"not":[38],"familiar":[39],"well":[43],"voice-controlled":[45],"digital":[46],"assistants":[47],"(e.g.,":[48],"Alexa,":[49],"Siri,":[50],"etc.).":[51],"While":[52],"has":[55],"been":[56],"extensively":[57],"studied,":[58],"there":[59],"is":[60],"little":[62],"attention":[63],"given":[64],"non-manual":[69,73,116,178],"body":[70,128,148],"markers.":[71],"The":[72],"markers":[74,112,117,179],"typically":[76],"expressed":[77],"through":[78],"head,":[79],"torso":[80,120],"shoulder":[82],"movements,":[83],"add":[85],"essential":[86],"meaning":[87],"context":[89],"signed":[92],"sentences.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"work,":[96],"we":[97],"present":[98,137],"ExASL,":[99],"sentence-level":[101,154],"system":[104],"using":[105],"millimeter-wave":[106],"radars.":[107],"ExASL":[108,160],"can":[109,144,161],"recognize":[110,127,162],"manual":[111],"(hand":[113],"gestures)":[114],"(head":[118],"movements).":[121],"It":[122],"utilizes":[123],"multi-distance":[124],"clustering":[125],"parts":[129],"cluster":[131],"mmWave":[132],"point":[133],"clouds.":[134],"We":[135],"then":[136],"multi-view":[139],"deep":[140],"learning":[141],"algorithm":[142],"that":[143,159],"learn":[145],"from":[146],"clustered":[147],"part":[149],"representation":[150],"for":[151],"an":[152,181],"expressive":[153],"recognition.":[155],"Our":[156],"evaluation":[157],"shows":[158],"sentences":[164],"word":[167],"error":[168,173],"rate":[169,174],"0.79%,":[171],"sentence":[172],"1.25%,":[176],"accuracy":[182],"83.5%.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
