{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047334203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","title":"Learn to Optimize: Adaptive VNF Provisioning in Mobile Edge Clouds","display_name":"Learn to Optimize: Adaptive VNF Provisioning in Mobile Edge Clouds","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047334203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","mag":"3047334203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051876680","display_name":"Qiufen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-4933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiufen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075082474","display_name":"Wenhao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-9189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063489530","display_name":"Zichuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-1468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zichuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693197","display_name":"Pan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079727396","display_name":"Wenzheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-6825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029356396","display_name":"Guowei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-3598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7677684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.875912070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.5387049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"Chaining","score":0.5281455516815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.4937635362148285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4919562041759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.48306113481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43569377064704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloudlet","display_name":"Cloudlet","score":0.42229408025741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38042399287223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34055203199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2860683500766754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.875912070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.5387049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.5281455516815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.4937635362148285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4919562041759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.48306113481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43569377064704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781055072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325266","display_name":"Cloudlet","level":3,"score":0.42229408025741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38042399287223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34055203199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2860683500766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/secon48991.2020.9158427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2130509337","https://openalex.org/W2155659292","https://openalex.org/W2299115575","https://openalex.org/W2542764750","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2617411258","https://openalex.org/W2755273542","https://openalex.org/W2793925626","https://openalex.org/W2798776137","https://openalex.org/W2824027552","https://openalex.org/W2887715205","https://openalex.org/W2891274509","https://openalex.org/W2901484150","https://openalex.org/W2902219709","https://openalex.org/W2903270164","https://openalex.org/W2962788286","https://openalex.org/W2996851691","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6697873463","https://openalex.org/W6736495275","https://openalex.org/W6738144653","https://openalex.org/W6750761875","https://openalex.org/W6753859785","https://openalex.org/W6756665172","https://openalex.org/W6772411885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4223920305","https://openalex.org/W2905824599","https://openalex.org/W2550639320","https://openalex.org/W2949516016","https://openalex.org/W2560090078","https://openalex.org/W2045411052","https://openalex.org/W2084667297","https://openalex.org/W1982410425","https://openalex.org/W2182913205","https://openalex.org/W2478702624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,157],"(ML)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"penetrating":[5],"into":[6,34],"our":[7,116],"daily":[8,13],"life":[9],"by":[10,140,237,249],"facilitating":[11],"many":[12],"applications,":[14],"e.g.,":[15],"self-driving,":[16],"cloud":[17],"gaming,":[18],"product":[19],"fault":[20],"detection":[21],"and":[22,45,62,73,165,195,201,215,218,235,252,267],"drones.":[23],"Meanwhile,":[24],"there":[25],"is":[26],"an":[27,142],"emerging":[28],"trend":[29],"that":[30,187,242],"adopts":[31],"ML":[32,48,84],"methods":[33,49,85,248],"network":[35,60,74,87,110,135,137,186,258,265],"optimization":[36,88,118,126,174],"problems,":[37,89],"such":[38],"as":[39,115],"flow":[40],"classification,":[41],"traffic":[42],"engineering,":[43],"routing,":[44],"etc.":[46],"Conventional":[47],"need":[50],"careful":[51],"training":[52],"for":[53,86,128,159,222],"a":[54,58,123,132,151,179,211,219,257],"specific":[55],"application":[56],"of":[57,97,153,162,182,205,231],"given":[59],"structure,":[61],"the":[63,91,95,108,160,166,171,189,203,206,223,229,232,243,253],"trained":[64,92,254],"model":[65,255],"normally":[66],"cannot":[67],"be":[68,260],"applied":[69],"to":[70,81,100,263],"other":[71,264],"applications":[72],"structures.":[75],"In":[76,104],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79,106,209],"aim":[80],"design":[82,181],"adaptive":[83,143],"with":[90,136],"models":[93],"having":[94],"ability":[96],"being":[98],"deployed":[99],"any":[101],"similar":[102],"problems.":[103],"particular,":[105],"consider":[107],"virtualized":[109],"function":[111],"(VNF)":[112],"provisioning":[113,130],"problem":[114],"target":[117],"problem.":[119],"We":[120,148,176,226],"first":[121],"propose":[122,150,178],"deep":[124,154],"Q-learning-based":[125],"framework":[127,234],"VNF":[129],"in":[131,256],"mobile":[133],"edge":[134],"capacity":[138],"constraints,":[139],"devising":[141],"graph":[144],"feature":[145],"embedding":[146],"method.":[147],"then":[149],"series":[152],"Q-learning":[155],"based":[156,169],"algorithms":[158,236,245],"problems":[161],"service":[163],"chaining":[164],"throughput":[167],"maximization,":[168],"on":[170,191],"proposed":[172,207,233,244],"learning-based":[173],"framework.":[175],"also":[177,227],"novel":[180,212],"master-slave":[183],"dual":[184],"neural":[185],"enables":[188],"decisions":[190],"both":[192],"cloudlet":[193],"selections":[194],"routing":[196],"path":[197],"finding.":[198],"To":[199],"stabilize":[200],"accelerate":[202],"convergence":[204],"methods,":[208],"devise":[210],"environment":[213],"generation":[214],"termination":[216],"strategy":[217],"new":[220],"structure":[221],"replay":[224],"buffer.":[225],"evaluate":[228],"performance":[230],"extensive":[238],"simulations.":[239],"Results":[240],"show":[241],"outperform":[246],"existing":[247],"around":[250],"12%,":[251],"can":[259],"directly":[261],"adapted":[262],"structures":[266],"settings.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}