{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537649431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","title":"A Virtual SDN-Enabled LTE EPC Architecture: A Case Study for S-/P-Gateways Functions","display_name":"A Virtual SDN-Enabled LTE EPC Architecture: A Case Study for S-/P-Gateways Functions","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537649431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","mag":"2537649431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE SDN for Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023975348","display_name":"Arsany Basta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsany Basta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021781616","display_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084767730","display_name":"Marco Hoffmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-5331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106035968","display_name":"Klaus Hoffmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028286837","display_name":"E.-D. Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst-Dieter Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Siemens Networks, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.5404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99673491,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openflow","display_name":"OpenFlow","score":0.8407169580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forwarding-plane","display_name":"Forwarding plane","score":0.8215632438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7346951961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7081571817398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.6509525775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.5400941371917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-virtualization","display_name":"Network virtualization","score":0.5215044617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.521185576915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5099726915359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4561145007610321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.42113935947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.36135023832321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1727808117866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.14425042271614075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192697461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4045918","display_name":"OpenFlow","level":3,"score":0.8407169580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10597312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473302","display_name":"Forwarding plane","level":3,"score":0.8215632438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7346951961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7081571817398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.6509525775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.5400941371917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.5215044617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.521185576915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5099726915359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4561145007610321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42113935947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.36135023832321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1727808117866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.14425042271614075}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdn4fns.2013.6702532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE SDN for Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607708359","https://openalex.org/W1607947252","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2165164808","https://openalex.org/W2485076281","https://openalex.org/W6636367189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520562984","https://openalex.org/W2059447685","https://openalex.org/W4242688262","https://openalex.org/W2097874200","https://openalex.org/W1997578223","https://openalex.org/W2326093663","https://openalex.org/W2783057367","https://openalex.org/W2537649431","https://openalex.org/W2103243599","https://openalex.org/W3197945463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"initiative":[2],"of":[3],"Network":[4],"Functions":[5],"Virtualization":[6],"(NFV)":[7],"aims":[8],"to":[9,26,36,93,142,163,198,228,257],"deliver":[10],"any":[11],"data-":[12],"plane":[13],"processing":[14,221],"or":[15,23],"control-plane":[16,169],"function":[17],"in":[18,125],"high":[19,218],"volume":[20],"data":[21,102,107,132,206,219],"centers":[22],"network":[24,43,63,97,137,234,248,254],"elements":[25,138],"decrease":[27],"operational":[28],"cost":[29],"and":[30,71,104,134,148,158,168,186,209],"increase":[31],"deployment":[32,181],"flexibility.":[33],"In":[34,55,189],"order":[35],"dynamically":[37],"direct":[38],"traffic":[39,108],"flows":[40],"between":[41,129],"respective":[42],"elements,":[44],"Software":[45],"Defined":[46],"Networking":[47],"(SDN)":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50,92,140,229],"seen":[51],"as":[52,66,74,204,223],"one":[53],"enabler.":[54],"this":[56,113],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,152,191],"focus":[59],"on":[60,166,178,184,231],"mobile":[61],"core":[62,201],"nodes":[64,98,157],"such":[65,203,222],"the":[67,77,106,117,126,144,155,193,232,258],"MME,":[68],"HSS,":[69],"S-":[70],"P-":[72],"Gateway":[73],"standardized":[75],"for":[76,86,175,244],"LTE":[78],"Evolved":[79],"Packet":[80],"Core":[81],"(EPC).":[82],"One":[83],"straightforward":[84],"solution":[85,114],"a":[87,101,130,173],"virtualized":[88],"EPC":[89,96,127,156],"architecture":[90,120],"would":[91,115],"move":[94],"all":[95],"completely":[99],"into":[100],"center":[103,133],"handle":[105],"via":[109],"SDN-enabled":[110],"switches.":[111],"However,":[112],"keep":[116],"conventional":[118],"monolithic":[119],"unchanged.":[121],"A":[122],"possible":[123],"split":[124],"functionality":[128],"centralized":[131],"operator's":[135],"transport":[136],"could":[139],"needed":[141],"provide":[143],"desired":[145],"flexibility,":[146],"performance":[147],"TCO":[149],"reduction.":[150],"Therefore,":[151],"have":[153,225],"analyzed":[154],"classified":[159],"their":[160,164],"functions":[161,177,255],"according":[162],"impact":[165],"data-plane":[167,233],"processing.":[170],"We":[171,242],"propose":[172],"mapping":[174],"these":[176],"four":[179],"alternative":[180],"frameworks":[182],"based":[183],"SDN":[185],"OpenFlow":[187,240,260],"(OF).":[188],"addition,":[190],"investigate":[192],"current":[194],"OF":[195,247],"implementation's":[196],"capability":[197],"realize":[199],"basic":[200,259],"operations":[202],"QoS,":[205],"classification,":[207],"tunneling":[208],"charging.":[210],"Our":[211],"analysis":[212],"shows":[213],"that":[214],"functions,":[215],"which":[216,251],"involve":[217],"packet":[220],"tunneling,":[224],"more":[226],"potential":[227],"kept":[230],"element,":[235],"i.e.":[236],"realized":[237],"by":[238],"an":[239,245],"Switch.":[241],"argue":[243],"enhanced":[246],"element":[249],"NE+,":[250],"contains":[252],"additional":[253],"next":[256],"protocol.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}