{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123571098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253","title":"Enhancing Maritime Situational Awareness through Multimodal Fusion: Insights from a Real-World Experiment","display_name":"Enhancing Maritime Situational Awareness through Multimodal Fusion: Insights from a Real-World Experiment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123571098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122927789","display_name":"Kilian Wohlleben","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kilian Wohlleben","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668290","display_name":"Michael H\u00fcbner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hubner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060982812","display_name":"Thanet Markchom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanet Markchom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058222137","display_name":"Jonathan Boyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-8046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Boyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039804037","display_name":"James Ferryman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Ferryman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading,Computational Vision Group,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025853495","display_name":"Stephan Veigl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Veigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005998375","display_name":"Andreas Opitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-7591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Opitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety &#x0026; Security, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119608894","display_name":"Anastasios Gkamaris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94603935","display_name":"Skyline College","ror":"https://ror.org/03r2s9s41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005474124","https://openalex.org/I94603935"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Gkamaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKYLD,Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKYLD,Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94603935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122957117","display_name":"Romeo Bratskas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94603935","display_name":"Skyline College","ror":"https://ror.org/03r2s9s41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005474124","https://openalex.org/I94603935"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romeo Bratskas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKYLD,Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKYLD,Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94603935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74286508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.28060001134872437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.28060001134872437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.181099995970726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.16279999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.7641000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-analysis","display_name":"Situation analysis","score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.2865999937057495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.7641000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14911803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7532148","display_name":"Situation analysis","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sdf67080.2025.11331253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:125325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90012802.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7899329662322998,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144723793","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2547232862","https://openalex.org/W2915067929","https://openalex.org/W2937361336","https://openalex.org/W3118560043","https://openalex.org/W3199820141","https://openalex.org/W4226176436","https://openalex.org/W4400042524","https://openalex.org/W4403331766","https://openalex.org/W4403676884","https://openalex.org/W4405103971","https://openalex.org/W4408993044","https://openalex.org/W4410121195","https://openalex.org/W4413679270"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"maritime":[1,40,136],"border":[2],"surveillance":[3],"is":[4,53],"crucial.":[5],"Challenges":[6],"we":[7],"face":[8],"include":[9],"irregular":[10],"migration,":[11],"smuggling,":[12],"oil":[13],"spills":[14],"and":[15,21,30,60,90,93,116],"the":[16,100,129,141],"need":[17],"for":[18,57],"rapid":[19],"search":[20],"rescue.":[22],"Various":[23],"sensing":[24],"technologies,":[25],"including":[26],"AIS,":[27],"SAR,":[28],"optical":[29],"infrared":[31,94],"sensors,":[32,37,71],"as":[33,35],"well":[34],"UAV-mounted":[36],"clearly":[38],"enhance":[39,109],"awareness.":[41],"However,":[42,63],"integrating":[43],"their":[44],"diverse":[45],"outputs":[46],"remains":[47],"complex.":[48],"Feature-level":[49],"multi-modal":[50,132],"sensor":[51,152],"fusion":[52,104,111,133],"a":[54,79],"well-known":[55],"methodology":[56],"robust":[58],"detection":[59],"behavior":[61],"analysis.":[62],"most":[64],"research":[65],"relies":[66],"on":[67],"simulations":[68,148],"or":[69],"isolated":[70],"which":[72],"limits":[73],"practical":[74],"insights.":[75],"This":[76,122],"study":[77,123],"presents":[78],"controlled":[80,150],"real-world":[81,151],"experiment":[82],"combining":[83],"synchronized":[84],"data":[85],"from":[86,147],"coastal":[87],"ground":[88],"sensors":[89],"UAVmounted":[91],"visual":[92],"sensors.":[95],"The":[96],"recorded":[97],"dataset":[98],"enables":[99],"evaluation":[101],"of":[102,128,131],"feature-level":[103],"in":[105,134,145],"authentic":[106],"conditions.":[107],"We":[108],"existing":[110],"frameworks":[112],"with":[113],"additional":[114],"modules":[115],"assess":[117],"them":[118],"using":[119],"operational":[120],"metrics.":[121],"contributes":[124],"to":[125,149],"our":[126],"understanding":[127],"efficacy":[130],"complex":[135],"environments,":[137],"while":[138],"also":[139],"highlighting":[140],"significant":[142],"challenges":[143],"involved":[144],"transitioning":[146],"data.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
