{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137235510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","title":"A particle swarm optimization algorithm with crossover for vehicle routing problem with time windows","display_name":"A particle swarm optimization algorithm with crossover for vehicle routing problem with time windows","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137235510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","mag":"2137235510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Scheduling","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089567465","display_name":"Weigang Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weigang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Department of Computer Science of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Guangdong 519070 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Department of Computer Science of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Guangdong 519070 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087101388","display_name":"Yuanbiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-3725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Packaging Engineering Institute, Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Packaging Engineering Institute, Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102966958","display_name":"Jianwen Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-7444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Department of Computer Science of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Guangdong 519070 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Department of Computer Science of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Modeling Innovative Practice Base of Zhuhai College, Jinan University, Guangdong 519070 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94621048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.9074517488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.8339673280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7199784517288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7120538949966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5692639350891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5669504404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5046900510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.4529893696308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization","display_name":"Meta-optimization","score":0.43964701890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.4176662266254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.40615975856781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3046334981918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09176129102706909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.9074517488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.8339673280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7199784517288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7120538949966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5692639350891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5669504404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5046900510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.4529893696308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.43964701890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.4176662266254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.40615975856781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3046334981918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09176129102706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/scis.2009.4927022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Scheduling","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499784047","https://openalex.org/W1561239738","https://openalex.org/W1982974168","https://openalex.org/W1983511967","https://openalex.org/W2010418932","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2168813528","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2363603845","https://openalex.org/W2366992740","https://openalex.org/W2370495080","https://openalex.org/W2374369226","https://openalex.org/W2374607435","https://openalex.org/W2380265125","https://openalex.org/W6708271294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966449253","https://openalex.org/W2090855774","https://openalex.org/W21080393","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W2972305535","https://openalex.org/W2113650225","https://openalex.org/W2393398569","https://openalex.org/W2351868275","https://openalex.org/W2161494499","https://openalex.org/W2778515884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,86],"vehicle":[1],"routing":[2],"problem":[3,14],"(VRP)":[4],"is":[5,36,99],"a":[6,26],"very":[7],"important":[8],"combinatorial":[9],"optimization":[10,29],"and":[11,21,72,82,103],"nonlinear":[12],"programming":[13],"in":[15,54],"the":[16,43,64,92],"fields":[17],"of":[18,46,70,94],"transportation,":[19],"distribution":[20],"logistics.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"particle":[27],"swarm":[28],"(PSO)":[30],"algorithm":[31,40,48,66,96],"with":[32,42,76,97,101],"crossover":[33,44,98],"for":[34,109],"VRP":[35],"proposed.":[37],"PSO":[39,84,95],"combined":[41],"operation":[45],"genetic":[47],"(GA)":[49],"can":[50],"avoid":[51],"being":[52],"trapped":[53],"local":[55],"optimum":[56],"due":[57],"to":[58,67],"using":[59],"probability":[60],"searching.":[61],"We":[62],"apply":[63],"proposed":[65],"an":[68,106],"example":[69],"VRP,":[71],"compare":[73],"its":[74],"result":[75,89],"those":[77],"generated":[78],"by":[79],"PSO,":[80],"GA,":[81],"parallel":[83],"algorithms.":[85],"experimental":[87],"comparison":[88],"demonstrates":[90],"that":[91],"performance":[93],"competitive":[100],"others":[102],"will":[104],"be":[105],"effective":[107],"method":[108],"solving":[110],"discrete":[111],"combinatory":[112],"problems.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}