{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416677177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618","title":"Evaluation of Workload and User Preference in a Smart Walker with Augmented Reality: A Study in Competitive and Individual Scenarios","display_name":"Evaluation of Workload and User Preference in a Smart Walker with Augmented Reality: A Study in Competitive and Individual Scenarios","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416677177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) and 2025 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057013735","display_name":"Weslley Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weslley Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040831010","display_name":"Matheus Loureiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matheus Loureiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106773700","display_name":"Marcio Bezerra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcio Bezerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088105495","display_name":"Fabiana S. Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiana Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Informatics, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Informatics, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021120212","display_name":"Ricardo Mello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-4273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Mello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083921350","display_name":"Marcelo E. V. Segatto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-992X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Segatto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024101961","display_name":"Anselmo Frizera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-3967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anselmo Frizera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Electrical Eng., Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vit&#x00F3;ria,Espirito Santo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38252321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.2467000037431717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.6707000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"Competitive advantage","score":0.41110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.6707000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116156595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185137","display_name":"Demand characteristics","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13774568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439112","display_name":"Population ageing","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbr/wre66973.2025.11249618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) and 2025 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2613012835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025-3N254,2023-XDHHW,2022-C5K3H,2022-85QMO,2021-07KJ2,RESOLUC;XO 285/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323682","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Esp\u00edrito Santo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4706790777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"308155/2023-8,40375312021-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4728602537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0036/21,2784/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","funder_display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4757401395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20105182-3,18/23097-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","ror":"https://ror.org/030w99567"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323682","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/03cen2c33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123139514","https://openalex.org/W2228329932","https://openalex.org/W2600667840","https://openalex.org/W2803831479","https://openalex.org/W2942094826","https://openalex.org/W3138688213","https://openalex.org/W4297094910","https://openalex.org/W4323536950","https://openalex.org/W4364381047","https://openalex.org/W4389675864","https://openalex.org/W4392196460","https://openalex.org/W4392700091","https://openalex.org/W4403676376","https://openalex.org/W4405452092","https://openalex.org/W4408151073","https://openalex.org/W4408566984","https://openalex.org/W4408712869"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,153],"global":[1],"aging":[2],"population":[3],"has":[4],"increased":[5,131],"the":[6,31,111,128,144,150],"de-mand":[7],"for":[8],"rehabilitation":[9,22],"solutions":[10],"that":[11,127],"address":[12,39],"motor":[13],"impairments":[14],"and":[15,33,46,63,79,97,100,117,137,166,191],"improve":[16],"quality":[17],"of":[18,36],"life.":[19],"However,":[20],"traditional":[21],"often":[23],"struggles":[24],"with":[25,68],"low":[26],"patient":[27],"engagement":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,54],"repetitive":[32],"monotonous":[34],"nature":[35],"tasks.":[37],"To":[38],"this,":[40],"immersive":[41],"technologies":[42],"like":[43],"mixed":[44],"reality":[45,75],"competitive":[47,78,129,151,181],"elements":[48,182],"have":[49],"been":[50],"explored":[51],"as":[52],"strategies":[53],"enhance":[55,189],"motivation.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58],"evaluated":[59],"user":[60],"workload,":[61,146],"cybersickness,":[62],"scenario":[64,123,130],"preference":[65],"during":[66],"tasks":[67,87],"a":[69],"smart":[70],"walker":[71],"in":[72,156,159,163],"an":[73,118,160],"augmented":[74],"environment,":[76],"comparing":[77],"individual":[80,154],"conditions.":[81],"Six":[82],"participants":[83,148],"performed":[84],"object":[85],"collection":[86],"under":[88],"both":[89],"scenarios.":[90],"Performance":[91],"metrics":[92],"(task":[93],"time,":[94],"distance":[95],"traveled,":[96],"average":[98],"speed)":[99],"subjective":[101],"workload":[102],"(NASA-TLX)":[103],"were":[104,108],"assessed.":[105],"Cybersickness":[106],"symptoms":[107],"measured":[109],"using":[110],"Vir-tual":[112],"Reality":[113],"Sickness":[114],"Questionnaire":[115],"(VRSQ),":[116],"open-ended":[119],"question":[120],"captured":[121],"participants'":[122],"preferences.":[124],"Results":[125],"showed":[126],"mental":[132],"demand":[133,165],"by":[134,140],"133.5":[135],"%":[136],"perceived":[138],"effort":[139],"56.96":[141],"%.":[142],"Despite":[143],"higher":[145],"all":[147],"preferred":[149],"scenario.":[152],"condition,":[155],"contrast,":[157],"resulted":[158],"11.17%":[161],"increase":[162,183],"physical":[164],"43.4%":[167],"more":[168],"frustration.":[169],"A":[170],"learning":[171],"effect":[172],"was":[173],"also":[174],"observed.":[175],"These":[176],"findings":[177],"suggest":[178],"that,":[179],"although":[180],"cognitive":[184],"load,":[185],"they":[186],"can":[187],"significantly":[188],"motivation":[190],"engagement.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
