{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403277859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005","title":"Evaluating the Resilience of the Approximate Parallel Prefix Adder (AxPPA) Against Hardware Trojan Horse Injection","display_name":"Evaluating the Resilience of the Approximate Parallel Prefix Adder (AxPPA) Against Hardware Trojan Horse Injection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403277859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 37th SBC/SBMicro/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070663280","display_name":"Eloisa Barros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eloisa Barros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041755258","display_name":"Morgana Macedo Azevedo da Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgana M. A. Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113091704","display_name":"Rodrigo Lopes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093697235","display_name":"Leonardo Antonietti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Antonietti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074598853","display_name":"Eduardo Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2731-8864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110676245","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/0376myh60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel),Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel),Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030974893","display_name":"Rafael Soares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Graduate Program on Computing,Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070663280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1816673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan-horse","display_name":"Trojan horse","score":0.8438451290130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997759938240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.6667141914367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefix","display_name":"Prefix","score":0.6556612253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6488305926322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5405352115631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3838745057582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38336893916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3217772841453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24710172414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10958018898963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08744603395462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.06527188420295715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777337426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14639","display_name":"Trojan horse","level":2,"score":0.8438451290130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997759938240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.6667141914367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134830","display_name":"Prefix","level":2,"score":0.6556612253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6488305926322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5405352115631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3838745057582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38336893916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3217772841453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24710172414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10958018898963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08744603395462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.06527188420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sbcci62366.2024.10704005","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 37th SBC/SBMicro/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2126044301","https://openalex.org/W2135089667","https://openalex.org/W2341955181","https://openalex.org/W2546572494","https://openalex.org/W2805199763","https://openalex.org/W2894067849","https://openalex.org/W2912921810","https://openalex.org/W2974631857","https://openalex.org/W2979925167","https://openalex.org/W3009004642","https://openalex.org/W3010443526","https://openalex.org/W3013970586","https://openalex.org/W3024813878","https://openalex.org/W3034464722","https://openalex.org/W3080957817","https://openalex.org/W3083485280","https://openalex.org/W3096150904","https://openalex.org/W3133087211","https://openalex.org/W3144137741","https://openalex.org/W3166046556","https://openalex.org/W3196589408","https://openalex.org/W4200390883","https://openalex.org/W4313250823","https://openalex.org/W4364295869","https://openalex.org/W4385625036","https://openalex.org/W4388853572","https://openalex.org/W6634717524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301007801","https://openalex.org/W2382697400","https://openalex.org/W2582980835","https://openalex.org/W2379276655","https://openalex.org/W4298158580","https://openalex.org/W2603096622","https://openalex.org/W2370551650","https://openalex.org/W2360583561","https://openalex.org/W2013839957","https://openalex.org/W3196607417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0,46],"computing":[1,7],"(AxC)":[2],"offers":[3],"opportunities":[4],"to":[5,37,83,132],"enhance":[6],"efficiency":[8],"by":[9],"exploiting":[10],"inherent":[11],"error":[12,70],"resilience.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15],"examines":[16],"the":[17,45],"security":[18],"implications":[19],"of":[20,88,129],"AxC,":[21],"focusing":[22],"on":[23],"adders,":[24],"where":[25],"Hardware":[26],"Trojan":[27],"Horses":[28],"(HTH)":[29],"present":[30],"significant":[31],"risks.":[32],"We":[33],"propose":[34],"a":[35],"framework":[36],"inject":[38],"HTH":[39,65,89,97,142],"into":[40,67],"approximate":[41],"adders":[42],"(AxAs),":[43],"specifically":[44],"Parallel":[47],"Prefix":[48],"Adder":[49],"(AxPPA),":[50],"and":[51,76,78,134,144],"assess":[52],"their":[53],"impact.":[54],"The":[55],"framework,":[56],"implemented":[57],"in":[58,141],"MATLAB":[59],"(code":[60],"available":[61],"at":[62,121],"github.com/MorganaMacedo/AxPPA_HTH),":[63],"evaluates":[64],"injection":[66],"AxAs,":[68],"analyzing":[69],"metrics":[71],"(SSIM,":[72],"NCC,":[73],"MSE,":[74],"MAE,":[75],"error-probability)":[77],"conducting":[79],"logic-synthesis":[80],"(LS)":[81],"analysis":[82,108],"detect":[84],"physical":[85],"anomalies":[86],"indicative":[87],"presence.":[90],"Our":[91],"results":[92],"demonstrate":[93],"AxPPA\u2019s":[94],"resilience":[95],"against":[96],"injection,":[98],"with":[99,103],"detection":[100,143],"thresholds":[101],"varying":[102],"approximation":[104],"bit":[105,116],"size.":[106],"LS":[107],"shows":[109],"AxPPA":[110,123],"effectively":[111],"detects":[112],"HTHs":[113],"across":[114],"all":[115],"approximations,":[117],"outperforming":[118],"LOA,":[119],"particularly":[120],"K=16.":[122],"also":[124],"achieves":[125],"superior":[126],"energy":[127],"savings":[128],"31.95%":[130],"compared":[131],"LOA":[133],"notable":[135],"area":[136],"savings,":[137],"highlighting":[138],"its":[139],"efficacy":[140],"performance":[145],"optimization.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
