{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413156396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115","title":"Low-Cost and Low-Frequency Interface for Soil Moisture Monitoring","display_name":"Low-Cost and Low-Frequency Interface for Soil Moisture Monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413156396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026502201","display_name":"Irene Cappelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Cappelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063758980","display_name":"Marco Tani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6022-5549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Tani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006110526","display_name":"Valerio Vignoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-6566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Vignoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011072460","display_name":"Ada Fort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-1516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ada Fort","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena,Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics,Siena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90752612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5920379161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5005180835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.4918496608734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.47198182344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-frequency","display_name":"Low frequency","score":0.4679136872291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3944275975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36990058422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.34515315294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.27448487281799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2608470320701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.1502479612827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12630921602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.09639856219291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07663121819496155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5920379161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5005180835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4918496608734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.47198182344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104892082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156810","display_name":"Low frequency","level":2,"score":0.4679136872291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3944275975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36990058422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.34515315294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27448487281799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2608470320701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1502479612827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12630921602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09639856219291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07663121819496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas65169.2025.11105115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010781329","https://openalex.org/W2280405377","https://openalex.org/W2999860898","https://openalex.org/W3096975938","https://openalex.org/W3123004122","https://openalex.org/W4225409100","https://openalex.org/W4249828513","https://openalex.org/W4295926332","https://openalex.org/W4385656415","https://openalex.org/W4391248544","https://openalex.org/W4391761354","https://openalex.org/W4408106823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108512031","https://openalex.org/W2063755384","https://openalex.org/W2048409327","https://openalex.org/W2153306223","https://openalex.org/W2997015357","https://openalex.org/W2390117385","https://openalex.org/W2123825282","https://openalex.org/W1977273908","https://openalex.org/W2079990215","https://openalex.org/W2897030841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"impedance":[1,10,32,98],"monitoring":[2,27,57,158,171],"is":[3],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,156,173],"various":[6],"applications,":[7],"but":[8],"traditional":[9],"analyzers,":[11],"while":[12,83],"capable":[13],"of":[14,40,45,69],"providing":[15],"detailed":[16],"frequency-dependent":[17],"data,":[18],"are":[19,74,93],"costly":[20],"and":[21,42,65,86,131,159],"difficult":[22],"to":[23,36,76,95],"integrate":[24],"into":[25,168],"low-cost":[26],"systems.":[28],"Moreover,":[29],"interpreting":[30],"soil":[31,41,56,97,143],"remains":[33],"challenging":[34],"due":[35],"the":[37,43,67,109,125,153,163],"heterogeneous":[38],"nature":[39],"variability":[44],"its":[46,177],"electrical":[47],"properties.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"presents":[51],"a":[52,132],"simplified,":[53],"low-cost,":[54],"low-complexity":[55],"interface":[58],"mainly":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61,108],"internal":[62,84],"MCU":[63],"peripherals":[64],"minimizing":[66],"usage":[68],"external":[70,90],"circuitry.":[71],"GPIO":[72],"ports":[73],"used":[75,94],"generate":[77],"low-frequency":[78],"square":[79],"wave":[80],"driving":[81],"signals":[82],"pull-up":[85],"pull-down":[87],"resistors":[88,92],"or":[89],"fixed":[91],"measure":[96],"across":[99],"different":[100,146],"resistance":[101],"ranges.":[102],"The":[103,117],"system":[104,118,154,172],"minimizes":[105],"polarization":[106],"effects":[107],"sensor":[110],"electrodes,":[111],"enabling":[112],"stable":[113],"measurements":[114],"over":[115,179],"time.":[116],"was":[119,138,166],"tested":[120],"with":[121,142],"resistive":[122],"loads":[123],"in":[124],"(100":[126],"\u03a9,":[127],"200":[128],"k\u03a9)":[129],"range":[130],"measurement":[133,181],"error":[134],"lower":[135],"than":[136],"2%":[137],"achieved.":[139],"Then,":[140],"tests":[141],"samples":[144],"at":[145],"volumetric":[147],"water":[148],"contents":[149],"were":[150],"performed,":[151],"proving":[152],"effectiveness":[155],"real-time":[157],"IoT":[160,170],"integration.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"front":[164],"end":[165],"integrated":[167],"an":[169],"smart":[174],"agriculture,":[175],"demonstrating":[176],"usability":[178],"long":[180],"periods.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}