{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386920290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164","title":"Driving Behaviour Detection Using Smart Steering Wheel: Supervised and Unsupervised Classification","display_name":"Driving Behaviour Detection Using Smart Steering Wheel: Supervised and Unsupervised Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386920290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073875529","display_name":"Arash Abarghooei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Abarghooei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003661568","display_name":"Mojtaba Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4968445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6613925695419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5113310217857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46557706594467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34060320258140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3239843249320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.225928395986557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6613925695419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5113310217857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46557706594467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34060320258140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3239843249320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.225928395986557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5194534502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2015-04169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993837778","https://openalex.org/W2086881303","https://openalex.org/W2166880842","https://openalex.org/W2265056517","https://openalex.org/W2582781338","https://openalex.org/W2746721413","https://openalex.org/W2778498877","https://openalex.org/W2791392289","https://openalex.org/W2885876042","https://openalex.org/W2906931304","https://openalex.org/W2918451899","https://openalex.org/W2966548892","https://openalex.org/W2976031135","https://openalex.org/W3112284712","https://openalex.org/W3117393700","https://openalex.org/W4282002157","https://openalex.org/W4309607772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driving":[0],"behaviours":[1],"are":[2,17],"the":[3,18,49,58,62,110,124,136,142,170,175,196],"root":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,8,23,90,126,138,147,169,172,198],"millions":[7],"road":[9],"accidents":[10],"every":[11],"year.":[12],"Aggressive":[13],"and":[14,35,55,61,68,100,131,152,161,186],"distracted":[15,36,151],"driving":[16,24,37,40,78,86,154,173,192],"two":[19],"most":[20],"important":[21],"examples":[22],"misbehaviours.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"proposes":[28],"a":[29,42,85,165],"real-time":[30,167],"system":[31,47],"to":[32,194],"distinguish":[33],"aggressive":[34,153],"from":[38,75,155],"safe":[39,156],"in":[41,105,135,149,181,190],"five-second":[43],"time":[44],"window.":[45],"The":[46,88,158],"monitors":[48],"driver's":[50],"heart":[51],"rate,":[52],"hand":[53],"position":[54],"force":[56],"on":[57],"steering":[59],"wheel,":[60],"vehicle's":[63],"inputs":[64],"(steering":[65],"wheel":[66],"angle":[67],"gas/brake":[69],"pedal":[70],"position).":[71],"Data":[72],"were":[73],"collected":[74,139],"three":[76],"different":[77,183],"scenarios":[79],"by":[80],"recruiting":[81],"five":[82],"participants":[83],"using":[84],"simulator.":[87],"performance":[89,125],"various":[91],"supervised":[92,120],"classification":[93,137],"methods":[94],"including":[95],"KNN,":[96],"SVM,":[97],"Neural":[98],"Network,":[99],"Decision":[101],"Tree":[102],"was":[103],"compared":[104],"which":[106],"Gaussian":[107],"SVM":[108],"featured":[109],"highest":[111],"accuracy":[112,146],"at":[113],"95.4%.":[114],"To":[115],"address":[116],"labelling":[117],"challenges":[118],"for":[119],"learning,":[121],"we":[122],"assessed":[123],"unsupervised":[127],"clustering":[128,162],"methods,":[129],"K-mean":[130],"Fuzzy":[132],"C-mean":[133],"(FCM),":[134],"data,":[140],"where":[141],"FCM":[143],"exhibited":[144],"an":[145],"81.16%":[148],"separating":[150],"driving.":[157],"proposed":[159],"sensing":[160],"method":[163],"provides":[164],"suitable":[166],"assessment":[168],"quality":[171],"while":[174],"fuzzy":[176],"outputs":[177],"can":[178],"be":[179],"used":[180],"designing":[182],"assertion":[184],"levels":[185],"taking":[187],"proper":[188],"actions":[189],"assisted":[191],"systems":[193],"minimize":[195],"risk":[197],"accidents.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}