{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386919836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136","title":"Assessing Driver Task Engagement Through Machine Learning Classification of Physiological Response","display_name":"Assessing Driver Task Engagement Through Machine Learning Classification of Physiological Response","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386919836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070738233","display_name":"Aidan Lochbihler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-224X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidan Lochbihler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003737140","display_name":"Bruce Wallace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4379-2717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Wallace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090830647","display_name":"Kathleen Van Benthem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-5415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Van Benthem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085768912","display_name":"Chris M. Herdman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-7277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Herdman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112135605","display_name":"Will Sloan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057866577","display_name":"Kirsten Brightman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsten Brightman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054399724","display_name":"Josh Goheen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-8785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Goheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Department of Cognitive Science,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086309680","display_name":"Frank Knoefel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-4484"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Knoefel","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAM 3 Innovation Hub,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAM 3 Innovation Hub,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053331185","display_name":"Shawn Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-6159"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAM 3 Innovation Hub,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAM 3 Innovation Hub,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6789872646331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5772079229354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4407771825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4348922669887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40593552589416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1965574026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.07051622867584229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6789872646331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5772079229354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4407771825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4348922669887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40593552589416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1965574026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.07051622867584229}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W629297016","https://openalex.org/W1772102870","https://openalex.org/W2106866030","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2607469928","https://openalex.org/W2900664843","https://openalex.org/W2944440160","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W3033284186","https://openalex.org/W3114960044","https://openalex.org/W3198923625","https://openalex.org/W4249261707","https://openalex.org/W4285240509","https://openalex.org/W4293206372","https://openalex.org/W4309374827","https://openalex.org/W4383748011","https://openalex.org/W6676114642","https://openalex.org/W6737947904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1,30,35],"driving":[2,123,131],"features":[3],"become":[4],"more":[5],"prevalent":[6],"in":[7,42,124,149,187],"the":[8,11,43,64,100,138,152,157,174,188],"automotive":[9],"industry,":[10],"need":[12,67],"to":[13,19,29,51,68,87,91,105,119,155,163,173],"assess":[14],"driver":[15,181],"engagement":[16,130,134],"becomes":[17],"crucial":[18],"ensure":[20],"safety":[21,186],"and":[22,53],"facilitate":[23],"a":[24,85,126,141,165],"smooth":[25],"transition":[26],"from":[27],"human-controlled":[28],"driving.":[31,80],"Until":[32],"level":[33,72,167],"5":[34],"vehicles":[36],"(AVs)":[37],"have":[38],"achieved":[39],"full":[40],"adoption":[41],"automobile":[44],"market,":[45],"drivers":[46,66,121],"will":[47],"still":[48],"be":[49],"required":[50],"supervise":[52],"potentially":[54],"take":[55],"over":[56],"control":[57],"of":[58,73,140,168,176],"their":[59],"AVs.":[60],"While":[61],"this":[62],"is":[63],"case,":[65],"maintain":[69],"an":[70],"appropriate":[71],"engagement,":[74,182],"even":[75],"when":[76],"they":[77],"are":[78],"not":[79],"The":[81,96],"following":[82],"study":[83],"outlines":[84],"method":[86],"apply":[88],"ambient":[89,101],"sensors":[90,102],"measure":[92],"drivers'":[93],"physiological":[94,159],"states.":[95],"measurements":[97],"collected":[98],"by":[99,114,137],"were":[103,111,147],"converted":[104],"time":[106],"series":[107],"metrics.":[108],"These":[109],"metrics":[110],"then":[112],"analyzed":[113],"machine":[115],"learning":[116],"(ML)":[117],"methods":[118,146],"classify":[120],"as":[122],"either":[125],"low":[127],"or":[128],"high":[129],"situation,":[132],"where":[133],"was":[135],"moderated":[136],"introduction":[139],"surprise":[142],"event.":[143],"AI":[144],"explainability":[145],"used":[148],"conjunction":[150],"with":[151],"ML":[153],"models":[154],"understand":[156],"key":[158],"factors":[160],"that":[161],"contributed":[162],"understanding":[164],"driver's":[166],"engagement.":[169],"This":[170],"research":[171],"contributes":[172],"advancement":[175],"sensor-based":[177],"monitoring":[178],"systems":[179],"for":[180],"which":[183],"can":[184],"enhance":[185],"transportation":[189],"sector.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}