{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386919589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129","title":"Detection Level and Target Level Road User Classification with Radar Point Cloud","display_name":"Detection Level and Target Level Road User Classification with Radar Point Cloud","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386919589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008158408","display_name":"Yue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113005374","display_name":"Anitha Balachandran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Balachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083431484","display_name":"Ratnasingham Tharmarasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Tharmarasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Hamilton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056151819","display_name":"Sunil Chomal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0912-7881"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Chomal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uhnder, Inc,Toronto,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uhnder, Inc,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008158408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2512,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51165856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944240927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5850467681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5330670475959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5226973295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.42390745878219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3675571084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34736305475234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15607738494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12867385149002075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944240927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5850467681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5330670475959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5226973295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.42390745878219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3675571084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34736305475234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15607738494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12867385149002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1976383685","https://openalex.org/W2083251215","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2939308603","https://openalex.org/W2947278483","https://openalex.org/W2950795730","https://openalex.org/W2973146207","https://openalex.org/W3005455080","https://openalex.org/W3103026885","https://openalex.org/W3103612787","https://openalex.org/W3163744983","https://openalex.org/W4230808100","https://openalex.org/W4319586698","https://openalex.org/W6644516687","https://openalex.org/W6671134718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,75,82,85,135],"classification":[4,87,123,141],"of":[5,53,77,112,127,134,140],"vulnerable":[6],"road":[7],"users":[8],"and":[9,121,130,143],"vehicles":[10],"using":[11,124,150],"radar":[12,21,93,115,157],"point-cloud":[13],"data":[14],"at":[15],"two":[16],"tracking":[17,28],"levels.":[18],"While":[19],"automotive":[20,156],"offers":[22],"numerous":[23],"capabilities":[24],"suitable":[25],"for":[26,146,155],"real-world":[27],"scenarios,":[29],"it":[30,56],"faces":[31],"challenges":[32],"due":[33,48],"to":[34,43,49,91],"sparse":[35],"detection.":[36],"Consequently,":[37],"a":[38,45,50,59,71,104,151],"clustering":[39,101],"algorithm":[40],"could":[41],"fail":[42],"detect":[44],"target's":[46],"cluster":[47,62],"limited":[51],"number":[52],"detections.":[54],"Moreover,":[55],"can":[57,96],"divide":[58],"single":[60,72],"object":[61],"into":[63,70],"multiple":[64],"clusters":[65],"or":[66],"merge":[67],"distinct":[68],"entities":[69],"cluster,":[73],"impacting":[74],"accuracy":[76,142],"target-level":[78,122],"(cluster-level)":[79],"classification.":[80],"On":[81],"other":[83],"hand,":[84],"detection-level":[86,120],"assigns":[88],"class":[89],"labels":[90],"individual":[92],"detections,":[94],"which":[95],"also":[97],"be":[98],"employed":[99],"without":[100],"but":[102],"requires":[103],"higher":[105],"computational":[106],"complexity.":[107],"By":[108],"extracting":[109],"different":[110],"levels":[111],"information":[113],"from":[114],"data,":[116],"this":[117],"study":[118],"analyzes":[119],"various":[125],"combinations":[126],"extracted":[128],"features":[129],"classifiers.":[131],"The":[132],"performance":[133],"proposed":[136],"approaches":[137],"in":[138],"terms":[139],"computation":[144],"time":[145],"testing":[147],"is":[148],"evaluated":[149],"publicly":[152],"available":[153],"dataset":[154],"applications.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
