{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014960999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","title":"Deep Learning Based Identification of Suspicious Return Statements","display_name":"Deep Learning Based Identification of Suspicious Return Statements","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014960999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","mag":"3014960999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002942808","display_name":"Guangjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-4237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024721944","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102833200","display_name":"Jiahao Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076497507","display_name":"Qasim Umer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-3025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Umer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002942808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88864708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"480","last_page":"491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.822008490562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.689271092414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6037675738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5756797790527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5591459274291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5535064339637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2vec","score":0.5301172733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5225062966346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.49123185873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.4778292179107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47700074315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4639185667037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.43172433972358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4236615300178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32988759875297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24863004684448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.24428889155387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.10491874814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.10389816761016846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.822008490562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.689271092414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6037675738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5756797790527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5591459274291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5535064339637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22673982","display_name":"Word2vec","level":3,"score":0.5301172733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5225062966346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.49123185873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4778292179107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47700074315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4639185667037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.43172433972358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4236615300178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32988759875297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24863004684448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.24428889155387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.10491874814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.10389816761016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner48275.2020.9054826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 27th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W777621473","https://openalex.org/W1512847993","https://openalex.org/W1573040851","https://openalex.org/W1608271177","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1646278814","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1969722377","https://openalex.org/W1986453394","https://openalex.org/W2010608861","https://openalex.org/W2010887646","https://openalex.org/W2050570039","https://openalex.org/W2054520963","https://openalex.org/W2062976763","https://openalex.org/W2083878868","https://openalex.org/W2086464170","https://openalex.org/W2087527532","https://openalex.org/W2097612618","https://openalex.org/W2105452745","https://openalex.org/W2109612250","https://openalex.org/W2116272605","https://openalex.org/W2124279581","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2156981320","https://openalex.org/W2174442795","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2295399529","https://openalex.org/W2344444819","https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2364861723","https://openalex.org/W2375939852","https://openalex.org/W2380058981","https://openalex.org/W2511803001","https://openalex.org/W2592125937","https://openalex.org/W2682664750","https://openalex.org/W2740130862","https://openalex.org/W2740330300","https://openalex.org/W2750919941","https://openalex.org/W2769343112","https://openalex.org/W2806718802","https://openalex.org/W2888587644","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2896854548","https://openalex.org/W2943748428","https://openalex.org/W2953021844","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2962995178","https://openalex.org/W2963780546","https://openalex.org/W2969368867","https://openalex.org/W3141181691","https://openalex.org/W3149821397","https://openalex.org/W4245415816","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636771404","https://openalex.org/W6653126399","https://openalex.org/W6671236358","https://openalex.org/W6679775712","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6745949993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008773848","https://openalex.org/W2066182606","https://openalex.org/W2136808032","https://openalex.org/W2122804569","https://openalex.org/W2883301371","https://openalex.org/W1976708233","https://openalex.org/W2460969868","https://openalex.org/W53653089","https://openalex.org/W4240565647","https://openalex.org/W2098192829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifiers":[0],"in":[1,8,36,67,175],"source":[2,69],"code":[3,152],"are":[4,63,234],"composed":[5,17],"of":[6,18,105,129,200,228,238],"terms":[7],"natural":[9,59],"languages.":[10],"Such":[11],"terms,":[12,20],"as":[13,15,65],"well":[14],"phrases":[16,61],"such":[19],"convey":[21],"rich":[22],"semantics":[23,55],"that":[24,62,93,197,225],"could":[25],"be":[26],"exploited":[27],"for":[28],"program":[29],"analysis":[30],"and":[31,97,108,116],"comprehension.":[32],"To":[33,125,150],"this":[34,37],"end,":[35],"paper":[38],"we":[39,138,156,182,213],"propose":[40],"a":[41,74,81,110,121,215],"deep":[42,75],"learning":[43,168],"based":[44,167],"approach,":[45],"called":[46],"MLDetector,":[47],"to":[48,78,207],"identifying":[49],"suspicious":[50,122],"return":[51,83,98,117,123,136,148,232],"statements":[52,233],"by":[53,57,144,161,189],"leveraging":[54],"conveyed":[56],"the":[58,68,103,106,127,172,179,198,201,210],"language":[60],"used":[64],"identifiers":[66],"code.":[70],"We":[71,170],"specially":[72],"design":[73],"neural":[76,154,165],"network":[77,166],"tell":[79],"whether":[80],"given":[82],"statement":[84],"matches":[85],"its":[86],"corresponding":[87],"method":[88,95,114],"signature.":[89],"The":[90],"rationale":[91],"is":[92],"both":[94],"signature":[96,115],"value":[99,118],"should":[100],"explicitly":[101],"specify":[102],"output":[104],"method,":[107],"thus":[109],"significant":[111],"mismatch":[112],"between":[113],"may":[119],"suggest":[120,196,224],"statement.":[124],"address":[126],"challenge":[128],"lacking":[130],"negative":[131,140],"training":[132,141,193],"data,":[133],"i.e.,":[134],"incorrect":[135,231],"statements,":[137],"generate":[139],"data":[142],"automatically":[143,190],"transforming":[145],"real-world":[146,220,230],"correct":[147],"statements.":[149],"feed":[151],"into":[153,159],"network,":[155],"convert":[157],"them":[158],"vectors":[160],"Word2Vec,":[162],"an":[163],"unsupervised":[164],"algorithm.":[169],"evaluate":[171,183],"proposed":[173,202],"approach":[174,203],"two":[176],"parts.":[177],"In":[178,209],"first":[180],"part,":[181,212],"it":[184],"on":[185,218],"500":[186],"open-source":[187],"applications":[188],"generating":[191],"labeled":[192],"data.":[194],"Results":[195],"precision":[199,237],"varies":[204],"from":[205],"83%":[206],"90%.":[208],"second":[211],"conduct":[214],"case":[216],"study":[217],"100":[219],"applications.":[221],"Evaluation":[222],"results":[223],"42":[226],"out":[227],"65":[229],"detected":[235],"(with":[236],"59%).":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}