{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795506204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","title":"How do developers discuss rationale?","display_name":"How do developers discuss rationale?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795506204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","mag":"2795506204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059090742","display_name":"Rana Alkadhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rana Alkadhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086549686","display_name":"Manuel Nonnenmacher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Nonnenmacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077694071","display_name":"Emitz\u00e1 Guzm\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emitza Guzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024338002","display_name":"Bernd Bruegge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Bruegge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059090742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98676831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"357","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7873126864433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5551908016204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5316892862319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5168709754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4682178497314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.46245574951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4156070053577423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.4143514335155487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40781882405281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.378091037273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3596803545951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.21075457334518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09577593207359314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7873126864433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5551908016204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5316892862319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5168709754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4682178497314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.46245574951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4156070053577423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.4143514335155487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40781882405281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.378091037273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3596803545951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.21075457334518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09577593207359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327705","display_name":"Mozilla Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01y8r3379"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492176525","https://openalex.org/W1526566844","https://openalex.org/W1527781663","https://openalex.org/W1553210182","https://openalex.org/W1568955415","https://openalex.org/W1774753831","https://openalex.org/W1988320117","https://openalex.org/W1989526951","https://openalex.org/W1991627953","https://openalex.org/W1991705476","https://openalex.org/W1991935231","https://openalex.org/W2001496424","https://openalex.org/W2011632873","https://openalex.org/W2031453844","https://openalex.org/W2040298842","https://openalex.org/W2060903226","https://openalex.org/W2076279155","https://openalex.org/W2098568679","https://openalex.org/W2100894766","https://openalex.org/W2103562041","https://openalex.org/W2110307645","https://openalex.org/W2111421486","https://openalex.org/W2113463782","https://openalex.org/W2114240026","https://openalex.org/W2119410041","https://openalex.org/W2127499986","https://openalex.org/W2135118157","https://openalex.org/W2136903812","https://openalex.org/W2141271901","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2150145237","https://openalex.org/W2156055852","https://openalex.org/W2159334834","https://openalex.org/W2167540025","https://openalex.org/W2184283136","https://openalex.org/W2463109813","https://openalex.org/W2565373070","https://openalex.org/W2610548220","https://openalex.org/W2614949694","https://openalex.org/W2724503592","https://openalex.org/W2747054775","https://openalex.org/W2757826646","https://openalex.org/W2767563557","https://openalex.org/W2772762197","https://openalex.org/W3151927209","https://openalex.org/W4230896626","https://openalex.org/W4240701274","https://openalex.org/W6631557614","https://openalex.org/W6637667554","https://openalex.org/W6680202767","https://openalex.org/W6684295364","https://openalex.org/W6731050060","https://openalex.org/W6743562635","https://openalex.org/W6745279424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2760173044","https://openalex.org/W2149635184","https://openalex.org/W2587986437","https://openalex.org/W4313330935","https://openalex.org/W2036487649","https://openalex.org/W2093432410","https://openalex.org/W2241611286","https://openalex.org/W2035851665","https://openalex.org/W4295797354","https://openalex.org/W2981030201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"make":[1],"various":[2,133],"decisions":[3,11],"during":[4,16],"software":[5,17,22],"development.":[6],"The":[7],"rationale":[8,29,34,53,90,102,142,151,179,191],"behind":[9],"these":[10],"is":[12,152],"of":[13,19,40,98,101,108,119,129,158,168,196],"great":[14],"importance":[15],"evolution":[18],"long":[20],"living":[21],"systems.":[23],"However,":[24],"current":[25],"practices":[26],"for":[27,51,137],"documenting":[28],"often":[30],"fall":[31],"short":[32],"and":[33,63,72,94,124,140,172,183,186,199],"remains":[35],"hidden":[36],"in":[37,44,54,57,91,143,156],"the":[38,96,169],"heads":[39],"developers":[41,59,88],"or":[42],"embedded":[43],"development":[45,109],"artifacts.":[46],"Further":[47],"challenges":[48],"are":[49,60],"faced":[50],"capturing":[52],"OSS":[55,87,122],"projects;":[56],"which":[58],"geographically":[61],"distributed":[62],"rely":[64],"mostly":[65],"on":[66,154,165],"written":[67],"communication":[68],"channels":[69,93],"to":[70,84],"support":[71],"coordinate":[73],"their":[74],"activities.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79,114],"present":[80],"an":[81,194],"empirical":[82],"study":[83],"understand":[85],"how":[86],"discuss":[89],"IRC":[92,106,144,159],"explore":[95],"possibility":[97],"automatic":[99],"extraction":[100],"elements":[103,128,192],"by":[104],"analyzing":[105],"messages":[107,118,188],"teams.":[110],"To":[111],"achieve":[112],"this,":[113],"manually":[115],"analyzed":[116],"7,500":[117],"three":[120],"large":[121],"projects":[123],"identified":[125],"all":[126],"fine-grained":[127],"rationale.":[130],"We":[131],"evaluated":[132],"machine":[134,174],"learning":[135,175],"algorithms":[136,176],"automatically":[138],"detecting":[139],"classifying":[141],"messages.":[145],"Our":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149],"1)":[150],"discussed":[153,170],"average":[155,166,195],"25%":[157],"messages,":[160],"2)":[161],"code":[162],"committers":[163],"contributed":[164],"54%":[167],"rationale,":[171],"3)":[173],"can":[177],"detect":[178],"with":[180,193],"0.76":[181],"precision":[182,198],"0.79":[184],"recall,":[185],"classify":[187],"into":[189],"finer-grained":[190],"0.45":[197],"0.43":[200],"recall.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}