{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795422216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","title":"Using recurrent neural networks for decompilation","display_name":"Using recurrent neural networks for decompilation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795422216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","mag":"2795422216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031872271","display_name":"Deborah Katz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deborah S. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070764278","display_name":"Jason Ruchti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135696","display_name":"GrammaTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwfxd89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Ruchti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grammatech, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grammatech, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077832846","display_name":"Eric Schulte","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135696","display_name":"GrammaTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwfxd89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grammatech, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grammatech, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031872271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98734779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"346","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8371133804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.7649949789047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6699078679084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6186546683311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.519416093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kpi-driven-code-analysis","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","score":0.4749976396560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundant-code","display_name":"Redundant code","score":0.45411232113838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4485166072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.4448356032371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4368160665035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.41898685693740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.39397940039634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32251620292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.31979814171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.15497976541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1508660614490509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8371133804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.7649949789047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6699078679084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6186546683311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.519416093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121957198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14365593","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","level":5,"score":0.4749976396560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151578736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251793","display_name":"Redundant code","level":4,"score":0.45411232113838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4485166072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.4448356032371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4368160665035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.41898685693740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.39397940039634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32251620292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.31979814171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.15497976541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1508660614490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105783207","https://openalex.org/W1485912969","https://openalex.org/W1507691781","https://openalex.org/W1551431154","https://openalex.org/W1869752048","https://openalex.org/W1972141422","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1999965501","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2074032109","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2090554354","https://openalex.org/W2100664567","https://openalex.org/W2111631758","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2142772656","https://openalex.org/W2147118954","https://openalex.org/W2156981320","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2205815960","https://openalex.org/W2242083635","https://openalex.org/W2251401326","https://openalex.org/W2328210346","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2497764072","https://openalex.org/W2509067210","https://openalex.org/W2576376563","https://openalex.org/W2620571791","https://openalex.org/W2740220421","https://openalex.org/W2741634173","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962725091","https://openalex.org/W2963069010","https://openalex.org/W2963235525","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2964325845","https://openalex.org/W6633145936","https://openalex.org/W6639082767","https://openalex.org/W6669567237","https://openalex.org/W6675122589","https://openalex.org/W6677495220","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6691381728","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6723530060","https://openalex.org/W6731708087","https://openalex.org/W6741939576","https://openalex.org/W6903381972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486852150","https://openalex.org/W2361120086","https://openalex.org/W4387674316","https://openalex.org/W2390085541","https://openalex.org/W2356102990","https://openalex.org/W2123574549","https://openalex.org/W2123980342","https://openalex.org/W4253804737","https://openalex.org/W4210653322","https://openalex.org/W4389650601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decompilation,":[0],"recovering":[1,234],"source":[2,22,47,54,91,132,156],"code":[3,23,28,55,66,80,101,113,133,152],"from":[4,78,154],"binary,":[5],"is":[6,13,24,29,57,166],"useful":[7,262],"in":[8,131,163,205],"many":[9,42],"situations":[10,206],"where":[11],"it":[12],"necessary":[14],"to":[15,34,45,61,137,192,207],"analyze":[16,46],"or":[17,172,182,241,256],"understand":[18,62],"software":[19],"for":[20,32,59,110,216,229],"which":[21,208],"not":[25,69,167,212],"available.":[26],"Source":[27],"much":[30],"easier":[31],"humans":[33,60],"read":[35],"than":[36],"binary":[37,112,150,220],"code,":[38,104],"and":[39,102,127,134,143,169,179,195,203,233,239,258],"there":[40],"are":[41,211,253],"tools":[43,87],"available":[44],"code.":[48,92,157],"Existing":[49],"decompilation":[50,139,217],"techniques":[51],"often":[52,67,254],"generate":[53],"that":[56,74,129,246],"difficult":[58],"because":[63],"the":[64,71,83,89,95,188,198,247,265],"generated":[65],"does":[68],"use":[70],"coding":[72],"idioms":[73],"programmers":[75],"use.":[76],"Differences":[77],"human-written":[79,103],"also":[81],"reduce":[82],"effectiveness":[84],"of":[85,97,149,176,218,231,264],"analysis":[86],"on":[88,119,147],"decompiled":[90,100],"To":[93],"address":[94],"problem":[96],"differences":[98],"between":[99],"we":[105,161],"present":[106],"a":[107,116,177,184,261],"novel":[108],"technique":[109,146,199,252],"decompiling":[111],"snippets":[114,148],"using":[115],"model":[117,124],"based":[118],"Recurrent":[120],"Neural":[121],"Networks.":[122],"The":[123,158],"learns":[125],"properties":[126,181],"patterns":[128],"occur":[130],"uses":[135],"them":[136],"produce":[138],"output.":[140],"We":[141,244],"train":[142],"evaluate":[144],"our":[145],"machine":[151],"compiled":[153],"C":[155],"general":[159],"approach":[160,189],"outline":[162],"this":[164,251],"paper":[165],"language-specific":[168],"requires":[170],"little":[171],"no":[173],"domain":[174],"knowledge":[175],"language":[178],"its":[180],"how":[183],"compiler":[185],"operates,":[186],"making":[187],"easily":[190],"extensible":[191],"new":[193],"languages":[194],"constructs.":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"can":[200,259],"be":[201],"extended":[202],"applied":[204],"traditional":[209],"decompilers":[210],"targeted,":[213],"such":[214],"as":[215],"isolated":[219],"snippets;":[221],"fast,":[222],"on-demand":[223],"decompilation;":[224,227,232],"domain-specific":[225],"learned":[226],"optimizing":[228],"readability":[230],"control":[235],"flow":[236],"constructs,":[237],"comments,":[238],"variable":[240],"function":[242],"names.":[243],"show":[245],"translations":[248],"produced":[249],"by":[250],"accurate":[255],"close":[257],"provide":[260],"picture":[263],"snippet's":[266],"behavior.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}