{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796460440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","title":"A deep neural network language model with contexts for source code","display_name":"A deep neural network language model with contexts for source code","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796460440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","mag":"2796460440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065748190","display_name":"Anh Tuan Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9235-4759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh Tuan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010500748","display_name":"Trong Duc Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7957-1331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trong Duc Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, USA","University of Texas at Dallas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024298908","display_name":"Hung Phan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung Dang Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089000736","display_name":"Tien N. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7962-6090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien N. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, USA","University of Texas at Dallas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"323","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8914631605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6259127259254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.612517237663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6042994856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5926274657249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5477060079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.521238386631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5167009830474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-language-model","display_name":"Cache language model","score":0.5155770182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.48859483003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.46444278955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4620342552661896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4239775538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.2636762261390686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8914631605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6259127259254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.612517237663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6042994856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5926274657249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5477060079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.521238386631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5167009830474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39608478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015979","display_name":"Cache language model","level":5,"score":0.5155770182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.48859483003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.46444278955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4620342552661896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4239775538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.2636762261390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2018.8330220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90447038","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W1512847993","https://openalex.org/W1551431154","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1575384945","https://openalex.org/W1585991568","https://openalex.org/W1860267373","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1965154800","https://openalex.org/W1970607969","https://openalex.org/W1970689298","https://openalex.org/W1980450075","https://openalex.org/W1994573369","https://openalex.org/W2011458734","https://openalex.org/W2017045743","https://openalex.org/W2018389835","https://openalex.org/W2025677988","https://openalex.org/W2025791343","https://openalex.org/W2037199130","https://openalex.org/W2062068644","https://openalex.org/W2071088932","https://openalex.org/W2076094076","https://openalex.org/W2083878868","https://openalex.org/W2096657610","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2102062345","https://openalex.org/W2103188316","https://openalex.org/W2106763308","https://openalex.org/W2115130131","https://openalex.org/W2116783278","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2117227762","https://openalex.org/W2117642462","https://openalex.org/W2119414210","https://openalex.org/W2121818394","https://openalex.org/W2122076271","https://openalex.org/W2123044578","https://openalex.org/W2130344546","https://openalex.org/W2134092629","https://openalex.org/W2134829794","https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2142403498","https://openalex.org/W2143861926","https://openalex.org/W2143960295","https://openalex.org/W2148190602","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2156981320","https://openalex.org/W2159505618","https://openalex.org/W2164019165","https://openalex.org/W2165747537","https://openalex.org/W2166597811","https://openalex.org/W2166732561","https://openalex.org/W2169952536","https://openalex.org/W2175297521","https://openalex.org/W2183748887","https://openalex.org/W2247864914","https://openalex.org/W2437096199","https://openalex.org/W2468567150","https://openalex.org/W2962725091","https://openalex.org/W2964335273","https://openalex.org/W2998704965","https://openalex.org/W3104874136","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W3147574292","https://openalex.org/W3150567095","https://openalex.org/W3150708171","https://openalex.org/W3151918736","https://openalex.org/W4243472257","https://openalex.org/W4244284466","https://openalex.org/W4245415816","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6603641824","https://openalex.org/W6607333740","https://openalex.org/W6630611416","https://openalex.org/W6633145936","https://openalex.org/W6634534149","https://openalex.org/W6639050008","https://openalex.org/W6639497327","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6671236358","https://openalex.org/W6674632725","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6680606459","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6683078286","https://openalex.org/W6684165356","https://openalex.org/W6685907501","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255155614","https://openalex.org/W2394860946","https://openalex.org/W761725120","https://openalex.org/W2009170886","https://openalex.org/W2071315630","https://openalex.org/W2787311093","https://openalex.org/W2897427480","https://openalex.org/W1508853749","https://openalex.org/W1745277","https://openalex.org/W2129812225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Statistical":[0],"language":[1,46,53,124],"models":[2,125],"(LMs)":[3],"have":[4,14],"been":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,16,20,44,85,94,156],"several":[8],"software":[9],"engineering":[10],"applications.":[11],"However,":[12],"they":[13],"issues":[15],"dealing":[17],"with":[18,64,77,130,164],"ambiguities":[19],"the":[21,37,57,91,122,131],"names":[22],"of":[23,39,60],"program":[24],"and":[25,29,67,79,97,117,139],"API":[26],"elements":[27,63],"(classes":[28],"method":[30,74],"calls).":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"inspired":[35],"by":[36],"success":[38],"Deep":[40],"Neural":[41],"Network":[42],"(DNN)":[43],"natural":[45],"processing,":[47],"we":[48,146],"present":[49],"Dnn4C,":[50],"a":[51,72,165],"DNN":[52,136],"model":[54],"that":[55,110,148],"complements":[56],"local":[58],"context":[59],"lexical":[61,92],"code":[62,84,104,128,159],"both":[65],"syntactic":[66,78,96],"type":[68,80,98],"contexts.":[69,99],"We":[70],"designed":[71],"context-incorporating":[73],"to":[75,87,89,162],"use":[76],"annotations":[81],"for":[82,106,126],"source":[83,127,158],"order":[86],"learn":[88],"distinguish":[90],"tokens":[93],"different":[95],"Our":[100],"empirical":[101],"evaluation":[102],"on":[103],"completion":[105],"real-world":[107],"projects":[108],"shows":[109],"Dnn4C":[111,149],"relatively":[112],"improves":[113],"11.6%,":[114],"16.3%,":[115],"27.1%,":[116],"44.7%":[118],"top-1":[119],"accuracy":[120,152],"over":[121,153],"state-of-the-art":[123],"used":[129],"same":[132],"features:":[133],"RNN":[134],"LM,":[135,137,141],"SLAMC,":[138],"n-gram":[140,154],"respectively.":[142],"For":[143],"another":[144],"application,":[145],"showed":[147],"helps":[150],"improve":[151],"LM":[155],"migrating":[157],"from":[160],"Java":[161],"C#":[163],"machine":[166],"translation":[167],"model.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}