{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401880520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563","title":"MLS-based Transmitter Orthogonality Analysis in MIMO-PMCW Automotive Radar Systems","display_name":"MLS-based Transmitter Orthogonality Analysis in MIMO-PMCW Automotive Radar Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401880520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 13rd Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103162521","display_name":"Moritz Kahlert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I454632","display_name":"Hella (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c5z9p32","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Kahlert","raw_affiliation_strings":["HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011691028","display_name":"Tai Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4789-4190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159743108","display_name":"Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/03dv91853","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159743108"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences and Arts,Dortmund,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts,Dortmund,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159743108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106769667","display_name":"Norwin Wilden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I454632","display_name":"Hella (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c5z9p32","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norwin Wilden","raw_affiliation_strings":["HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071041838","display_name":"Claas Tebruegge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I454632","display_name":"Hella (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c5z9p32","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claas Tebruegge","raw_affiliation_strings":["HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HELLA GmbH &#x0026; Co. KGaA,Lippstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I454632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041147083","display_name":"Markus Gardill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51783024","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxx3e24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Gardill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandenburg University of Technology,Cottbus-Senftenberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandenburg University of Technology,Cottbus-Senftenberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87095462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.8078231811523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7389048337936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6562050580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5211743712425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-systems","display_name":"Radar systems","score":0.5099958181381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4820028841495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.47675594687461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37999001145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3666287064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3059818148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25739121437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2395162582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.21708780527114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13352137804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.09099635481834412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.8078231811523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7389048337936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6562050580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5211743712425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.5099958181381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4820028841495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.47675594687461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37999001145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3666287064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3059818148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25739121437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2395162582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.21708780527114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13352137804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.09099635481834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam60225.2024.10636563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 13rd Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542915664","https://openalex.org/W1984386576","https://openalex.org/W2067096554","https://openalex.org/W2129690209","https://openalex.org/W2218428454","https://openalex.org/W2987247512","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3130482066","https://openalex.org/W3153352588","https://openalex.org/W3174504503","https://openalex.org/W4226294193","https://openalex.org/W4230308718","https://openalex.org/W4248713270","https://openalex.org/W4312294500","https://openalex.org/W4385901233","https://openalex.org/W4387951263","https://openalex.org/W4388117619","https://openalex.org/W6685309150","https://openalex.org/W6771978495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095582735","https://openalex.org/W2059318893","https://openalex.org/W1965698851","https://openalex.org/W834942123","https://openalex.org/W4232542516","https://openalex.org/W1967331680","https://openalex.org/W3176637561","https://openalex.org/W1587967017","https://openalex.org/W130629949","https://openalex.org/W2059045613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"angular":[1],"measurements":[2],"are":[3],"essential":[4],"for":[5],"au-tomated":[6],"driving":[7],"functions,":[8],"and":[9,13,89],"the":[10,14,23,59,71,86,90,98],"antenna":[11,46],"aperture":[12,47],"number":[15],"of":[16,61],"antennas":[17,52],"in":[18,67,93],"a":[19,44,62,79],"radar":[20,65,94],"system":[21,66],"determine":[22],"angle":[24],"measuring":[25],"ability.":[26],"Recently,":[27],"phase-modulated":[28],"continuous":[29],"wave":[30],"(PMCW)":[31],"technology":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"integrated":[35],"into":[36],"multiple":[37,39,50],"input":[38],"output":[40],"(MIMO)":[41],"systems,":[42],"enabling":[43],"larger":[45],"by":[48],"multiplexing":[49],"transmitter":[51],"simul-taneously.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57],"evaluate":[58],"performance":[60,80],"large-scale":[63],"MIMO-PMCW":[64],"simulated":[68],"scenarios":[69],"using":[70],"peak-sidelobe":[72],"level":[73],"(PSL)":[74],"after":[75],"range-Doppler":[76],"processing":[77],"as":[78],"metric.":[81],"The":[82],"results":[83],"show":[84],"that":[85],"sequence":[87],"length":[88],"relative":[91],"velocity":[92],"systems":[95],"strongly":[96],"influence":[97],"detection":[99],"performance.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
