{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998030951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","title":"Enhancing physical layer security in untrusted relay networks with artificial noise: A symbol error rate based approach","display_name":"Enhancing physical layer security in untrusted relay networks with artificial noise: A symbol error rate based approach","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998030951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","mag":"1998030951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 8th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414212","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-3747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Commun. Syst. Group, Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Syst. Group, Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420668","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3846-9803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158447531","display_name":"Altran (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04qhpqj38","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158447531"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altran GmbH -& Co. KG, Wolfsburg, Germany","Altran GmbH & Co. KG, Wolfsburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altran GmbH -& Co. KG, Wolfsburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altran GmbH & Co. KG, Wolfsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158447531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001481378","display_name":"Marius Pesavento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-2588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Pesavento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Commun. Syst. Group, Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Syst. Group, Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100414212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76877659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7402806878089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7402275204658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.7070128917694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.5788443684577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.5744141340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.551506519317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5087504982948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4801170825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.45773816108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.44602787494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.4430115818977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4153788685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38862642645835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.3815014958381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.363899827003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.3403635621070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.298056423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2811709940433502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19510766863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13773903250694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09154626727104187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7402806878089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7402275204658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.7070128917694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.5788443684577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.5744141340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.551506519317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5087504982948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4801170825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.45773816108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.44602787494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.4430115818977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4153788685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38862642645835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.3815014958381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.363899827003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.3403635621070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.298056423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2811709940433502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19510766863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13773903250694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09154626727104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2014.6882390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 8th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:74187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/74187/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1733806262","https://openalex.org/W1984189152","https://openalex.org/W2005734988","https://openalex.org/W2032278718","https://openalex.org/W2045570050","https://openalex.org/W2080147975","https://openalex.org/W2091550021","https://openalex.org/W2097480027","https://openalex.org/W2097555694","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2129457795","https://openalex.org/W2135137654","https://openalex.org/W2147906061","https://openalex.org/W2155438308","https://openalex.org/W2166606237","https://openalex.org/W2167447263","https://openalex.org/W2801213956","https://openalex.org/W2949672874","https://openalex.org/W3023553154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W4390240227","https://openalex.org/W2122253935","https://openalex.org/W4247508912","https://openalex.org/W2979776991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"apply":[1],"the":[2,19,35,37,47,50,54,63,74,85,92,99,110],"concept":[3],"of":[4,56,91,123],"artificial":[5],"noise":[6],"(AN)":[7],"transmission":[8],"in":[9,24,112],"an":[10,79,133],"untrusted":[11],"relay":[12,38],"network":[13],"to":[14,26,106],"enhance":[15],"secure":[16],"communication":[17,141],"between":[18],"source":[20],"and":[21,44,88,109],"destination.":[22,48],"Specifically,":[23],"addition":[25],"square":[27],"quadrature":[28],"amplitude":[29],"modulated":[30],"(QAM)":[31],"signals":[32],"broadcasted":[33],"by":[34,46],"source,":[36],"simultaneously":[39],"receives":[40],"AN":[41,76,108],"symbols":[42],"designed":[43],"transmitted":[45],"For":[49],"relay,":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"assumption":[55],"additive":[57],"white":[58],"Gaussian":[59,100],"noise,":[60],"we":[61,83],"derive":[62],"analytical":[64],"symbol":[65],"error":[66],"rate":[67],"(SER)":[68],"expression,":[69],"which":[70],"is":[71,102],"maximized":[72],"for":[73,120],"optimal":[75,86,105],"design.":[77],"Under":[78],"average":[80],"power":[81,89],"constraint,":[82],"find":[84],"phase":[87],"distribution":[90,101],"AN.":[93],"Interestingly,":[94],"our":[95,136],"study":[96],"shows":[97],"that":[98],"generally":[103],"not":[104],"generate":[107],"results":[111],"this":[113],"paper":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"used":[117],"as":[118,146],"benchmarks":[119],"future":[121],"analyses":[122],"AN-based":[124],"techniques.":[125],"More":[126],"importantly,":[127],"rather":[128],"than":[129],"conducting":[130],"analysis":[131],"from":[132],"information-theoretic":[134],"perspective,":[135],"SER-based":[137],"approach":[138],"takes":[139],"practical":[140],"issues":[142],"into":[143],"account,":[144],"such":[145],"QAM":[147],"signalling.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
