{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978719164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","title":"Expected likelihood approach for covariance matrix estimation: Complex angular central Gaussian case","display_name":"Expected likelihood approach for covariance matrix estimation: Complex angular central Gaussian case","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978719164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","mag":"1978719164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112005763","display_name":"Yuri I. Abramovich","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri I. Abramovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["WR Systems, VA","WR Systems, 11351 Random Hills Rd. Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WR Systems, VA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WR Systems, 11351 Random Hills Rd. Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024539438","display_name":"Ben A. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-967X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287521167","display_name":"Lockheed Martin (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/026er9r08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287521167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183804699","display_name":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6n938","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287521167","https://openalex.org/I183804699"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben A. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Littleton","Lockheed Martin IS&GS, 12999 Deer Creek Canyon Road, Littleton CO 80137, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Littleton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183804699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lockheed Martin IS&GS, 12999 Deer Creek Canyon Road, Littleton CO 80137, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287521167"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88196227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"317","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-of-covariance-matrices","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","score":0.8234539031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.793865442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatter-matrix","display_name":"Scatter matrix","score":0.7610461115837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7081629037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-of-total-covariance","display_name":"Law of total covariance","score":0.667780339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mat\u00e9rn-covariance-function","display_name":"Mat\u00e9rn covariance function","score":0.6624658107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.6561984419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-function","display_name":"Covariance function","score":0.6331768035888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.6184053421020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-quadratic-covariance-function","display_name":"Rational quadratic covariance function","score":0.5842151045799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5496326088905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-mapping","display_name":"Covariance mapping","score":0.4962504506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4835610091686249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4205033779144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.41383594274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-intersection","display_name":"Covariance intersection","score":0.3699023723602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.20834404230117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09754535555839539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180877172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401390","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","level":3,"score":0.8234539031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.793865442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176917957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430596","display_name":"Scatter matrix","level":4,"score":0.7610461115837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7081629037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126372606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6503511","display_name":"Law of total covariance","level":5,"score":0.667780339717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118006245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6792079","display_name":"Mat\u00e9rn covariance function","level":5,"score":0.6624658107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6561984419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137250428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178897","display_name":"Covariance function","level":3,"score":0.6331768035888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.6184053421020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148893098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295778","display_name":"Rational quadratic covariance function","level":5,"score":0.5842151045799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5496326088905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129759605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance mapping","level":5,"score":0.4962504506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4835610091686249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4205033779144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.41383594274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178898","display_name":"Covariance intersection","level":4,"score":0.3699023723602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.20834404230117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09754535555839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urm_publish:9915909727301831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1959.8/124927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402528","display_name":"UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","host_organization_name":"University of South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165305382","https://openalex.org/W1965928820","https://openalex.org/W2006704773","https://openalex.org/W2008364482","https://openalex.org/W2008418230","https://openalex.org/W2016794928","https://openalex.org/W2049983173","https://openalex.org/W2064191652","https://openalex.org/W2097670344","https://openalex.org/W2097977627","https://openalex.org/W2109363365","https://openalex.org/W2116345224","https://openalex.org/W2118771073","https://openalex.org/W2119959491","https://openalex.org/W2125412367","https://openalex.org/W2125853410","https://openalex.org/W2144833976","https://openalex.org/W2145713624","https://openalex.org/W2147116730","https://openalex.org/W2171742473","https://openalex.org/W2741417216","https://openalex.org/W3022776974","https://openalex.org/W3122520194","https://openalex.org/W3151203283","https://openalex.org/W4242597235","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6674736352","https://openalex.org/W6742015047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048777342","https://openalex.org/W4237672998","https://openalex.org/W2110484224","https://openalex.org/W2022823194","https://openalex.org/W2887132723","https://openalex.org/W3211883524","https://openalex.org/W2921280830","https://openalex.org/W2164924639","https://openalex.org/W4309794518","https://openalex.org/W8867823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,108],"consider":[1],"the":[2,46,53,67,89,92,101,104,114,125,128],"problem":[3],"of":[4,35,91,103],"covariance":[5,55,106,121,135],"matrix":[6,69,122,136],"estimation":[7],"for":[8,52],"strongly":[9],"non-homogeneous":[10],"data":[11,23],"(clutter),":[12],"modelled":[13],"as":[14],"spherically":[15],"invariant":[16],"complex":[17,28],"random":[18],"vectors.":[19],"When":[20],"normalized,":[21],"such":[22],"are":[24],"described":[25],"by":[26],"a":[27,33,60,96],"angular":[29],"Gaussian":[30],"distribution.":[31],"For":[32],"number":[34],"independent":[36],"identically":[37],"distributed":[38],"(i.i.d.)":[39],"samples":[40],"with":[41],"this":[42,57,110],"distribution,":[43],"we":[44],"introduce":[45],"likelihood":[47,102],"ratio":[48],"and":[49,76,124],"demonstrate":[50],"that":[51,87],"true":[54,68,105],"matrix,":[56],"LR":[58,90],"has":[59],"p.d.f.":[61],"which":[62],"does":[63],"not":[64],"depend":[65],"on":[66],"itself,":[70],"but":[71],"rather":[72],"just":[73],"its":[74],"dimension":[75],"sample":[77],"support.":[78],"This":[79],"\u201cscenario-invariance\u201d":[80],"is":[81],"used":[82],"to":[83,95,100,112],"select":[84,113],"regularizing":[85],"parameters":[86],"reduce":[88],"MLE":[93],"estimate":[94],"level":[97],"statistically":[98],"equal":[99],"matrix.":[107],"apply":[109],"approach":[111],"loading":[115],"factor":[116],"in":[117,127],"fixed":[118,129],"point":[119,130],"loaded":[120],"estimates,":[123],"order":[126],"time-varying":[131],"auto":[132],"regressive":[133],"(TVAR)":[134],"estimate.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
