{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069432151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","title":"Altitude estimation of maneuvering targets in mimo over-the-horizon radar","display_name":"Altitude estimation of maneuvering targets in mimo over-the-horizon radar","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069432151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","mag":"2069432151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074195801","display_name":"Yimin D. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yimin D. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007661434","display_name":"Moeness G. Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moeness G. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012490058","display_name":"Braham Himed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-6270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Braham Himed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RYMD, Dayton, OH, USA","Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RYMD, Dayton, OH 45433, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RYMD, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RYMD, Dayton, OH 45433, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074195801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.2817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99501838,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"257","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/over-the-horizon-radar","display_name":"Over-the-horizon radar","score":0.8921656608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.688271164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6662442684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6580010652542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.6158527135848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5656268000602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4964292645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.47668933868408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4701782763004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.4359709322452545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2548038363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23982596397399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13044241070747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12205910682678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09526282548904419}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183617614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332548","display_name":"Over-the-horizon radar","level":3,"score":0.8921656608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.688271164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6662442684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6580010652542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.6158527135848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5656268000602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4964292645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.47668933868408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4701782763004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4359709322452545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2548038363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23982596397399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13044241070747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12205910682678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09526282548904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sam.2012.6250482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.709.3509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.709.3509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://yiminzhang.com/pdf2/sam12_othr.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.981.421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.981.421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD%3DADA562122%26Location%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586452928","https://openalex.org/W1623214386","https://openalex.org/W1995822412","https://openalex.org/W2027036699","https://openalex.org/W2035206773","https://openalex.org/W2048358950","https://openalex.org/W2099332533","https://openalex.org/W2107720987","https://openalex.org/W2119098597","https://openalex.org/W2130429288","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2161700729","https://openalex.org/W2169687510","https://openalex.org/W6684719973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376261394","https://openalex.org/W2164484807","https://openalex.org/W2393619620","https://openalex.org/W2378566532","https://openalex.org/W1617779945","https://openalex.org/W2340438178","https://openalex.org/W2540709242","https://openalex.org/W1931168338","https://openalex.org/W2903084237","https://openalex.org/W2577529645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Target":[0],"altitude":[1,43],"estimation":[2,44],"is":[3,90,118],"an":[4],"important":[5],"problem":[6,28],"in":[7,24,69,74,86],"over-the-horizon":[8],"radar":[9],"(OTHR)":[10],"systems":[11],"for":[12,45],"target":[13,48,128],"tracking":[14],"and":[15,20,30,65],"classification.":[16],"Narrow":[17],"signal":[18],"bandwidth":[19],"rich":[21],"propagation":[22,77],"environment":[23],"OTHR":[25,63],"render":[26],"this":[27,33],"difficult":[29],"challenging.":[31],"In":[32],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"develop":[36],"a":[37,46,59,75,123],"novel":[38],"technique":[39,57],"that":[40],"allows":[41],"accurate":[42],"maneuvering":[47],"during":[49],"its":[50],"ascending":[51],"or":[52],"descending":[53],"flight.":[54],"The":[55,79,113],"proposed":[56],"considers":[58],"multiple-input":[60],"multiple-output":[61],"(MIMO)":[62],"platform":[64],"utilizes":[66],"the":[67,70,82,87,95,127],"difference":[68],"Doppler":[71,84],"signatures":[72,85],"generated":[73],"micro-multipath":[76],"environment.":[78],"separability":[80],"of":[81,98,126],"multi-component":[83],"time-frequency":[88],"domain":[89],"used":[91,120],"to":[92,105,108,121],"individually":[93],"estimate":[94,125],"elevation":[96,115],"angles":[97],"these":[99],"paths,":[100],"which":[101],"are":[102],"otherwise":[103],"infeasible":[104],"obtain,":[106],"due":[107],"their":[109],"small":[110],"angular":[111],"separation.":[112],"estimated":[114],"angle":[116],"information":[117],"then":[119],"achieve":[122],"reliable":[124],"altitude.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}