{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971990773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","title":"Driving in the Fog: Latency Measurement, Modeling, and Optimization of LTE-based Fog Computing for Smart Vehicles","display_name":"Driving in the Fog: Latency Measurement, Modeling, and Optimization of LTE-based Fog Computing for Smart Vehicles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971990773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","mag":"2971990773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005718231","display_name":"Yong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong Univ. of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong Univ. of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081934496","display_name":"Marwan Krunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-2985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan Krunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University Technology, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037131742","display_name":"Haris Volos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-0012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67530263","display_name":"Denso (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w314k38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650","https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Volos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silicon Valley Innovation Center, DENSO International America, Inc., San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silicon Valley Innovation Center, DENSO International America, Inc., San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067199220","display_name":"Takashi Bando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-0742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67530263","display_name":"Denso (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w314k38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650","https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Bando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silicon Valley Innovation Center, DENSO International America, Inc., San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silicon Valley Innovation Center, DENSO International America, Inc., San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8049386143684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7154459357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6639681458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.623234212398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5619992613792419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5090493559837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.504004180431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4633882939815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4178905487060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38306868076324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12572219967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12252926826477051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8049386143684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7154459357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6639681458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.623234212398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5619992613792419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5090493559837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.504004180431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4633882939815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4178905487060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38306868076324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12572219967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12252926826477051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2019.8824922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/141398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/141398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2120587290","https://openalex.org/W2170662583","https://openalex.org/W2493746814","https://openalex.org/W2600993687","https://openalex.org/W2747302402","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2763982073","https://openalex.org/W2765320567","https://openalex.org/W2790367514","https://openalex.org/W2791965076","https://openalex.org/W2792819087","https://openalex.org/W2793561419","https://openalex.org/W2865570976","https://openalex.org/W2894393869","https://openalex.org/W2895956453","https://openalex.org/W2962692784","https://openalex.org/W3103363130","https://openalex.org/W4298023569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2547038763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0],"computing":[1,77],"has":[2,135],"been":[3,136],"advocated":[4],"as":[5,117],"an":[6],"enabling":[7],"technology":[8],"for":[9,92,125,205],"computationally":[10],"intensive":[11],"services":[12],"in":[13,54,240],"connected":[14,72],"smart":[15,140],"vehicles.":[16],"Most":[17],"existing":[18],"works":[19],"focus":[20],"on":[21,138,144,224],"analyzing":[22],"and":[23,27,40,74,94,158,219,237,246],"optimizing":[24],"the":[25,32,35,46,52,66,112,118,121,152,156,170,174,177,182,186,195,206,241],"queueing":[26],"workload":[28],"processing":[29],"latencies,":[30],"ignoring":[31],"fact":[33],"that":[34,101,120,232],"access":[36,68],"latency":[37,69,123,175,226],"between":[38,70,97,155,189,211],"vehicles":[39],"fog/cloud":[41,103,159],"servers":[42],"can":[43,131],"sometimes":[44],"dominate":[45],"end-to-end":[47],"service":[48,113,130],"latency.":[49],"This":[50],"motivates":[51],"work":[53],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"where":[57],"we":[58,193],"report":[59],"a":[60,71,75,89,139,145],"five-month":[61],"urban":[62],"measurement":[63,227],"study":[64],"of":[65,129,173,181,244],"wireless":[67],"vehicle":[73,157,207],"fog":[76,245],"system":[78],"supported":[79,127],"by":[80],"commercially":[81],"available":[82],"multi-operator":[83],"LTE":[84,99,191,212],"networks.":[85],"We":[86],"propose":[87],"AdaptiveFog,":[88],"novel":[90],"framework":[91],"autonomous":[93],"dynamic":[95],"switching":[96],"different":[98,190],"operators":[100],"implement":[102],"infrastructure.":[104],"The":[105,148],"main":[106,178],"objective":[107],"here":[108],"is":[109,166,203],"to":[110,168,208],"maximize":[111],"confidence":[114,242],"level,":[115],"defined":[116],"probability":[119],"tolerable":[122],"threshold":[124],"each":[126],"type":[128],"be":[132],"guaranteed.":[133],"AdaptiveFog":[134,233],"implemented":[137],"phone":[141],"app,":[142],"running":[143],"moving":[146],"vehicle.":[147],"app":[149],"periodically":[150],"measures":[151],"round-trip":[153],"time":[154],"servers.":[160],"An":[161,200],"empirical":[162],"spatial":[163,171],"statistic":[164],"model":[165],"established":[167],"characterize":[169],"variation":[172],"across":[176],"driving":[179],"routes":[180],"city.":[183],"To":[184],"quantify":[185],"performance":[187],"difference":[188],"networks,":[192],"introduce":[194],"weighted":[196],"Kantorovich-Rubinstein":[197],"(K-R)":[198],"distance.":[199],"optimal":[201],"policy":[202],"derived":[204],"dynamically":[209],"switch":[210],"operators'":[213],"networks":[214],"while":[215],"driving.":[216],"Extensive":[217],"analysis":[218],"simulation":[220],"are":[221],"performed":[222],"based":[223],"our":[225],"dataset.":[228],"Our":[229],"results":[230],"show":[231],"achieves":[234],"around":[235],"30%":[236],"50%":[238],"improvement":[239],"level":[243],"cloud":[247],"latency,":[248],"respectively.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
