{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2175529728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","title":"DEEL: Detecting elevation of urban roads with smartphones on wheels","display_name":"DEEL: Detecting elevation of urban roads with smartphones on wheels","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2175529728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","mag":"2175529728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069996071","display_name":"Yaoming Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaoming Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081759167","display_name":"Yanmin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151021","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ek0ze18","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151021"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Lab of Scalable Computing and Systems, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Lab of Scalable Computing and Systems, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012589427","display_name":"Jiadi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069996071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85999617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7887604236602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6637685298919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6058250069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.553730845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5521876215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.4897644519805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.4480644464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4141795039176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3714536428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1511557698249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12990939617156982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7887604236602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637685298919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6058250069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.553730845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5521876215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.4897644519805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.4480644464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4141795039176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3714536428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1511557698249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12990939617156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970873657","https://openalex.org/W1973387910","https://openalex.org/W2014643169","https://openalex.org/W2018690964","https://openalex.org/W2070420170","https://openalex.org/W2102941975","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2108328714","https://openalex.org/W2108467170","https://openalex.org/W2125779459","https://openalex.org/W2126236329","https://openalex.org/W2126541908","https://openalex.org/W2144169341","https://openalex.org/W2155146488","https://openalex.org/W2161974700","https://openalex.org/W2168463792","https://openalex.org/W2182033143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162200841","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2384744344","https://openalex.org/W2362267503","https://openalex.org/W2356895184","https://openalex.org/W2371866917","https://openalex.org/W2375292978","https://openalex.org/W2361165395","https://openalex.org/W2390992067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elevated":[0],"roads":[1],"are":[2,57,111],"built":[3,112],"worldwide":[4],"to":[5,25,37,80,113,122,139,203],"alleviate":[6],"urban":[7,107],"traffic":[8,82],"congestions.":[9],"An":[10],"elevated":[11,46,65,172],"road":[12,47,100,127,173],"may":[13,73,78],"overlap":[14],"with":[15,120,200],"the":[16,103,115,123,126,129,141,146,149,152,160,166,192],"ground":[17],"surface":[18,67],"road.":[19],"This":[20],"poses":[21],"a":[22,93,195],"great":[23],"challenge":[24],"auto":[26,34,70],"navigation":[27,35,71],"systems.":[28],"It":[29],"is":[30,42,131,168],"particularly":[31],"difficult":[32],"for":[33,98],"systems":[36],"determine":[38],"if":[39],"an":[40,45,69,171,177],"vehicle":[41,104,118,130,143,167],"running":[43,169],"on":[44,106,159,170],"because":[48],"altitude":[49],"readings":[50],"from":[51],"GPS":[52,156],"(Global":[53],"Positioning":[54],"Systems)":[55],"receivers":[56],"of":[58,64,117,125,154,198,205],"low":[59],"accuracy.":[60],"Without":[61],"correct":[62],"positioning":[63],"or":[66,84,174],"roads,":[68],"system":[72,95,135,185,193],"recommend":[74],"wrong":[75],"routes":[76],"which":[77],"lead":[79],"serious":[81],"accidents":[83],"cause":[85],"drivers'":[86],"anxiety.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"design":[92],"smartphone-based":[94],"called":[96],"DEEL":[97],"detecting":[99],"elevation":[101,124],"as":[102],"moves":[105],"roads.":[108,209],"HMM-based":[109],"models":[110],"characterize":[114],"patterns":[116],"dynamics":[119],"respect":[121],"that":[128],"moving":[132],"on.":[133],"The":[134],"leverages":[136],"smartphone":[137],"sensors":[138],"sense":[140],"instantaneous":[142],"dynamics,":[144,162],"including":[145],"3D":[147],"acceleration,":[148],"speed,":[150],"and":[151,208],"number":[153],"perceived":[155],"satellites.":[157],"Based":[158],"sensed":[161],"it":[163],"determines":[164],"whether":[165],"not":[175],"in":[176,186],"online":[178],"fashion.":[179],"We":[180],"have":[181],"successfully":[182],"implemented":[183],"our":[184],"Android-based":[187],"smartphones.":[188],"Extensive":[189],"experiments":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"achieves":[194],"high":[196],"accuracy":[197],"92.1%":[199],"strong":[201],"robustness":[202],"variations":[204],"vehicles,":[206],"drivers":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
