{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142441068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","title":"A sub-optimal hierarchical maximum likelihood algorithm for collaborative localization in ad-hoc networks","display_name":"A sub-optimal hierarchical maximum likelihood algorithm for collaborative localization in ad-hoc networks","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142441068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","mag":"2142441068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064176463","display_name":"Davide Dardari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-1310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Dardari","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEIIT-BO/CNR, CNIT, DEIS, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEIIT-BO/CNR, CNIT, DEIS, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015500569","display_name":"Andrea Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-2178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEIIT-BO/CNR, CNIT, DEIS, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEIIT-BO/CNR, CNIT, DEIS, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"425","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.7400112748146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7137686014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6671148538589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.650593638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5979504585266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5975381731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5621469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.49970269203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.497501403093338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4837327301502228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42305389046669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2157030701637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1940949559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13727733492851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12533536553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10711297392845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.1060226559638977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.7400112748146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7137686014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6671148538589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.650593638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5979504585266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5975381731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5621469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.49970269203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.497501403093338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4837327301502228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42305389046669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2157030701637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1940949559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13727733492851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12533536553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10711297392845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1060226559638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2004.1381944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unife.it:11392/1193107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/1193107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323553","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584920463","https://openalex.org/W1872902815","https://openalex.org/W2094204865","https://openalex.org/W2109228966","https://openalex.org/W2116790923","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2120760514","https://openalex.org/W2126186763","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2133085864","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2165295831","https://openalex.org/W2170102584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2378757965","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W4224903346","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W1593262897","https://openalex.org/W2372869593","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W145760256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"indoor":[3],"localization":[4,46,69,112],"techniques":[5],"through":[6],"ad-hoc":[7],"wireless":[8],"networks,":[9],"where":[10],"anchors":[11,60],"and":[12,121],"unknown":[13,25,62],"nodes":[14,26,37,58],"are":[15,38],"randomly":[16],"positioned":[17],"in":[18,108],"a":[19,94,123],"squared":[20],"area.":[21],"The":[22,48,106,129],"position":[23,134],"of":[24,57,67,76,110,131],"is":[27,114,141],"estimated":[28,133],"starting":[29],"from":[30],"received":[31],"signal":[32],"strength":[33],"(RSSI)":[34],"measurements,":[35],"since":[36],"assumed":[39],"to":[40,50,86,101,135],"be":[41],"not":[42],"equipped":[43],"with":[44],"specialized":[45],"hardware.":[47],"possibility":[49],"perform":[51],"power":[52],"measurements":[53],"among":[54],"any":[55,88],"couple":[56],"(either":[59],"or":[61],"nodes)":[63],"enables":[64],"the":[65,74,77,103,132,136],"exploitation":[66],"collaborative":[68],"techniques.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"case,":[73],"complexity":[75],"optimum":[78],"maximum":[79],"likelihood":[80],"(ML)":[81],"technique":[82],"becomes":[83],"too":[84],"huge":[85],"have":[87],"practical":[89],"interest.":[90],"Thus,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"sub-optimal":[95],"but":[96],"computational":[97],"efficient,":[98],"hierarchical":[99],"algorithm":[100],"solve":[102],"ML":[104],"problem.":[105],"performance":[107],"terms":[109],"mean":[111],"error":[113],"evaluated":[115],"by":[116],"simulations":[117],"for":[118],"different":[119],"scenarios":[120],"taking":[122],"realistic":[124],"channel":[125,139],"model":[126],"into":[127],"account.":[128],"sensitivity":[130],"uncertainty":[137],"on":[138],"parameters":[140],"also":[142],"evaluated.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
