{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388279876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912","title":"Statistic-CAM: A Gradient-Free Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Network","display_name":"Statistic-CAM: A Gradient-Free Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388279876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 CAA Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes (SAFEPROCESS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662109","display_name":"Yiqin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-7495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054697474","display_name":"Lei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078403818","display_name":"Hongye Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongye Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Control Science and Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.818747878074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.63900226354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.635086715221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6113960146903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5518180727958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5507010221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47002291679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.458240270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.45349347591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4124622046947479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.4117577373981476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.387518972158432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36050334572792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.08783674240112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08425405621528625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.818747878074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.63900226354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.635086715221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6113960146903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5518180727958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5507010221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47002291679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.458240270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.45349347591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4124622046947479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.4117577373981476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.387518972158432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36050334572792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.08783674240112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08425405621528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/safeprocess58597.2023.10295912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 CAA Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes (SAFEPROCESS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3046768359","https://openalex.org/W3106483999","https://openalex.org/W3127579051","https://openalex.org/W3160358829","https://openalex.org/W3161867385","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6677103964","https://openalex.org/W6767259515","https://openalex.org/W6782259796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368019753","https://openalex.org/W2333930193","https://openalex.org/W2737356002","https://openalex.org/W2246241526","https://openalex.org/W4301122218","https://openalex.org/W2374150061","https://openalex.org/W2081340182","https://openalex.org/W2369703001","https://openalex.org/W2372323577","https://openalex.org/W2321432690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algorithms":[0],"of":[1,87,124,141,175,192],"class":[2,97],"activation":[3,98],"maps":[4,99,145],"are":[5,20,59,75,112],"used":[6,22],"to":[7,14,33,37,68,84,95,166,183,202],"provide":[8],"visual":[9,149],"explanations":[10,42,150],"for":[11,23,43,53,100],"CNN":[12,45,101],"models":[13,102],"reduce":[15],"the":[16,44,85,142,148,163,167,173,190,198],"black-box":[17],"nature":[18],"and":[19,26,77,106,122,132,137,159,180],"widely":[21],"model":[24,38,46],"evaluation":[25],"optimization.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,47,55,65,195],"not":[31,79],"common":[32],"apply":[34],"such":[35],"algorithms":[36,58],"deployment,":[39],"although":[40],"real-time":[41],"much":[48],"in":[49,103,162],"need.":[50],"The":[51],"reason":[52],"that":[54],"state-of-the-art":[56],"CAM":[57,117,200],"either":[60],"gradient-based":[61],"or":[62],"complex.":[63],"It":[64,194],"really":[66],"difficult":[67],"deploy":[69],"them":[70],"on":[71],"edge":[72],"devices":[73],"which":[74],"power-limited":[76],"may":[78],"support":[80],"back-propagation.":[81],"In":[82],"response":[83],"criticism":[86],"those":[88],"techniques,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"a":[92,104,155,160],"new":[93],"methodology":[94,118],"generate":[96],"gradient-free":[105],"computation-saving":[107],"way.":[108],"Our":[109],"approach,":[110],"Statistic-CAM":[111],"built":[113],"upon":[114],"an":[115],"existing":[116],"(called":[119],"backbone":[120],"method)":[121],"consists":[123],"three":[125],"stages:":[126],"training":[127],"stage,":[128],"saliences":[129,140],"fixing":[130],"stage":[131],"inferring":[133],"stage.":[134],"By":[135],"collecting":[136],"sorting":[138],"channel":[139],"last":[143],"feature":[144,191],"by":[146],"classes,":[147],"can":[151,171],"be":[152,203],"generated":[153],"via":[154],"simple":[156],"forward":[157],"propagation":[158],"look-up":[161],"dictionary.":[164],"Compared":[165],"backbones,":[168],"our":[169],"approach":[170],"achieve":[172],"performance":[174],"less":[176],"than":[177],"2.1%":[178],"mismatch":[179],"save":[181],"up":[182],"99.95%":[184],"extra":[185],"computational":[186],"cost":[187],"while":[188],"maintain":[189],"gradient-free.":[193],"no":[196],"doubt":[197],"easiest":[199],"algorithm":[201],"deployed.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}